Don't get mad next time you catch your teenager texting when he commits himself to studying.He simply may not be able to resist.A study of the University of Iowa（UI）found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behavior.The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
"For the teenager，the rewards are seductive for them to be addicted to texting，" says Professor Jatin Vaidya，an author of the study. "They draw adolescents.Sometimes，the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.Even when a kind of behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue，they will，because the effect of the rewards is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults."
For parents，that means limiting distractions so that teenagers can make better choices.Take the homework and social media dilemma：At 9 p.m.，shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter，as the researchers advise. "I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology，" says Vaidya. "But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that they can develop those impulse-control skills."
In their study，Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are not mature，make bad decisions，and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（額葉）of their brains are not fully developed.But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behavior independent of higher-level reasoning.
"We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system and how it changes from childhood to adulthood，" says Vaidya，who adds that the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. "We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescent behavior than an under-developed frontal lobe，" he adds.For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 to 16，and 40 adults，aged 20 to 35 to participate.
In the future，researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological（神經(jīng)學(xué)上的）aspects of their results.
（1）What does the passage mainly tell us？ AA
A．Always，rewards are attractive to teenagers.
B．Always，adolescents can resist rewards.
C．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
（2）What does the underlined word "seductive" in Paragraph 2 mean？ BB
A．Necessary.
B．Attractive.
C．Useful.
D．Important.
（3）Which statement agrees with Vaidya's idea？ DD
A．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B．Parents should help children in making decisions.
C．Children should have access to the Internet.
D．Children need help in refocusing their attention.
（4）What result does the teenager's brain underdevelopment lead to？ CC
A．Doing things after some thought.
B．Making good decisions.
C．Joining in dangerous actions.
D．Escaping risky behavior.
【答案】A；B；D；C
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：14引用：2難度：0.5
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C．It provides no accommodation.
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2．Hi Judy!
You often complain to me that you always buy goods unreasonably on sale promotion（促銷）and feel it shameful after going back to your school dormitory with new things not needed，considering all the money you spend is your parents' income．
In fact，this is a common phenomenon，called impulsive buying，a buying unplanned and hard to control．It usually happens when a store offers discounts（打折）or sales promotion-a special way used by stores to get more customers，which means you may fall into its traps even without notice．
Stores，with a good knowledge of customers' psychology（心理），make use of it to drive business．Avoiding all the impulsive buying is a hard thing．However，knowing our psychology behind it and reducing the times when influenced by sales promotion may be useful．So you should keep calm when facing the sales promotion by keeping in mind what you really need．
Find out the conditions where you are likely to buy things blindly．When seeing a dress advertised at 20% off，do not concentrate on the discount，but warn yourself against falling into the trap of "saving money''．
Besides，do not forget the long-term effects of your choice when meeting a sales promotion．Short-term benefits，like excited feeling just after buying items encourage impulsive buying．But the long-term costs such as waste of money and the sense of shame really annoy you．When seeing the advertisements，remember what you really want to buy originally and warn yourself of that terrible feeling．Only in this way can you save money for really needed things．
Yours，
Rachel
（1）Judy felt it a shame to．
A．complain to others about the poverty of her family
B．waste her parents' money on unneeded things
C．buy cheap things at lower prices or with less money
D．rely on her parents for further education
（2）Which of the following is true of impulsive buying according to Rachel？
A．It is designed by shops to draw customers' attention．
B．It can be brought under control with the help of stores．
C．It is planned by buyers with the purpose of saving money．
D．It is done by customers without considering its bad effects．
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B．check the quality of the goods at low prices
C．stay calm by thinking about what she really needs
D．take the chance to learn more about stores tricks
（4）How do buyers usually feel in the long run after buying discounted things？
A．Regretful．
B．Thrilled．
C．Relaxed．
D．Sceptical．發(fā)布：2025/1/10 8:0:1組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6 -
3．Ever since I graduated from high school I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer.However，making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier.For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be unacceptable，getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is suffering.My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There are few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.In fact，all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant，which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night.Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico，where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts（輪班）in a factory，the other options have become only too clear. "This job pays well，but it's hell on the body，" said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading." she added.When I'm back at the university，skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school.All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale（陳腐的）now ring true.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
（1）What does the author think of his summer holiday？
A．It was no holiday for him at all.
B．It brought him nothing but suffering.
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B．They are confident when they work.
C．They think too highly of themselves.
D．They are expert at handling machines.
（3）What is the biggest pressure for blue-collar workers？
A．A low income.
B．The lack of security.
C．An unstable location.
D．Less break.
（4）How did the working experiences change the author？
A．He became responsible for his work.
B．He learned to be more practical at work.
C．He began to respect blue-collar workers.
D．He came to appreciate his college education.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5