This month，Germany's transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles（自主駕駛車輛）．They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost．
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the "death valley" of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future．
Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property（財產(chǎn)） damage over personal injury；that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel - to check email，say - the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash．
"The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，" says Dobrindt．It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers，he says．
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers． "The liability（法律責(zé)任） issue is the biggest one of them all，" says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK．
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human "be watchful and monitoring the road" at every moment．
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars． "When you say 'driverless cars'，people expect driverless cars．" Merat says． "You know - no driver．"
Because of the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation．
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California．That is happening in the UK and Singapore，where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched．
That would go down poorly in the US，however． "The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，" says Calo．
（1）What does the phrase "death valley" in Paragraph 2 refer to？DD
A．A place where cars often break down．
B．A case where passing a law is impossible．
C．An area where no driving is permitted．
D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear．
（2）The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims toBB．
A．stop people from breaking traffic rules
B．help promote fully automatic driving
C．protect drivers of all ages and races
D．prevent serious property damage
（3）What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars？DD
A．It should get the attention of insurance companies．
B．It should be the main concern of law makers．
C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents．
D．It should involve no human responsibility．
（4）Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future inCC．
A．Singapore
B．the UK
C．the US
D．Germany
（5）What could be the best title for the passage？AA
A．Autonomous Driving：Whose Liability？
B．Fully Automatic Cars：A New Breakthrough
C．Autonomous Vehicles：Driver Removed!
D．Driverless Cars：Root of Road Accidents
【考點】社會．
【答案】D；B；D；C；A
【解答】
【點評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：4引用：2難度：0.5
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（1）What can we know about Burlington School？
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
（2）Which school offers the biggest discounts？
A．Burlington School.
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（3）How is New School of English different from the others？
A．It sets a strict age limit.
B．Its accommodation is optional.
C．Its teachers are qualified and experienced.
D．It offers General and Specialist English courses.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
2．Hi Judy!
You often complain to me that you always buy goods unreasonably on sale promotion（促銷）and feel it shameful after going back to your school dormitory with new things not needed，considering all the money you spend is your parents' income．
In fact，this is a common phenomenon，called impulsive buying，a buying unplanned and hard to control．It usually happens when a store offers discounts（打折）or sales promotion-a special way used by stores to get more customers，which means you may fall into its traps even without notice．
Stores，with a good knowledge of customers' psychology（心理），make use of it to drive business．Avoiding all the impulsive buying is a hard thing．However，knowing our psychology behind it and reducing the times when influenced by sales promotion may be useful．So you should keep calm when facing the sales promotion by keeping in mind what you really need．
Find out the conditions where you are likely to buy things blindly．When seeing a dress advertised at 20% off，do not concentrate on the discount，but warn yourself against falling into the trap of "saving money''．
Besides，do not forget the long-term effects of your choice when meeting a sales promotion．Short-term benefits，like excited feeling just after buying items encourage impulsive buying．But the long-term costs such as waste of money and the sense of shame really annoy you．When seeing the advertisements，remember what you really want to buy originally and warn yourself of that terrible feeling．Only in this way can you save money for really needed things．
Yours，
Rachel
（1）Judy felt it a shame to．
A．complain to others about the poverty of her family
B．waste her parents' money on unneeded things
C．buy cheap things at lower prices or with less money
D．rely on her parents for further education
（2）Which of the following is true of impulsive buying according to Rachel？
A．It is designed by shops to draw customers' attention．
B．It can be brought under control with the help of stores．
C．It is planned by buyers with the purpose of saving money．
D．It is done by customers without considering its bad effects．
（3）In face of sales promotion Judy is advised to．
A．have belief in her own immediate decision
B．check the quality of the goods at low prices
C．stay calm by thinking about what she really needs
D．take the chance to learn more about stores tricks
（4）How do buyers usually feel in the long run after buying discounted things？
A．Regretful．
B．Thrilled．
C．Relaxed．
D．Sceptical．發(fā)布：2025/1/10 8:0:1組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6 -
3．Ever since I graduated from high school I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer.However，making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier.For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be unacceptable，getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is suffering.My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There are few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.In fact，all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant，which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night.Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico，where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts（輪班）in a factory，the other options have become only too clear. "This job pays well，but it's hell on the body，" said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading." she added.When I'm back at the university，skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school.All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale（陳腐的）now ring true.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
（1）What does the author think of his summer holiday？
A．It was no holiday for him at all.
B．It brought him nothing but suffering.
C．It was a relief from his hard work at school.
D．It offered him a chance to make more friends.
（2）What can we infer about most college students？
A．They do better in the real world.
B．They are confident when they work.
C．They think too highly of themselves.
D．They are expert at handling machines.
（3）What is the biggest pressure for blue-collar workers？
A．A low income.
B．The lack of security.
C．An unstable location.
D．Less break.
（4）How did the working experiences change the author？
A．He became responsible for his work.
B．He learned to be more practical at work.
C．He began to respect blue-collar workers.
D．He came to appreciate his college education.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5