Vaccines （疫苗） may soon make their first film appearance.Led by expert Maria A.Croyle，researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without using the cooling system.This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf.
Croyle's laboratory began developing the technology in 2007.Inspired by amber's ability to preserve the DNA of insects，the researchers set out to create their own version of the substance by mixing "a lot of sugar and a little bit of salt，much like hard candy，" Croyle explains.The vaccine-containing film is administered by mouth - sweet news for many who dislike needles.
The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. "We've learned over time that the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components，" Croyle says，adding that the process is quick and uses affordable，standard equipment. "We really wanted to come up with something that would be transported to developing countries. "
Immunization（免疫）programs depend heavily on keeping vaccines cold （2℃-8℃） as they are transported，sometimes over thousands of kilometers to far-away locations.Delivery can be difficult and costly，and transport delaying can cause the vaccines to be ineffective.
But this new product can store live viruses，bacteria and antibodies for several months at 20℃.In a paper published in Science Advances，the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 months.They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favourably with a traditional flu shot. "The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development，" says Lisa Rohan，who was not involved in the study.She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation（配方） for future stages of development.
Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers' most pressing problem，Croyle says.They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up to 40℃.
Size is a major advantage- a letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses（劑） of vaccine，about 1/900 the weight of the same amount of traditional doses.By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently，Croyle says，the technology could vastly improve immunization rates the world over，particularly in middle-to-low income countries.
（1）What can we learn about the film？ DD
A．It contains animal's DNA.
B．It will replace vaccines.
C．It comes in different flavours.
D．It can hold bio-products.
（2）According to Paragraph 3，we can learn about the film's CC.
A．key component
B．development schedule
C．possible advantages
D．transportation requirements
（3）The author mentions Lisa Rohan's words to BB.
A．a(chǎn)dvise personalizing vaccines
B．suggest the product is promising
C．prove the study is supported widely
D．stress the functions of a new platform
（4）What will be the next urgent task for Croyle's team？ DD
A．Advertising the film worldwide.
B．Improving the film's capacity.
C．Reducing the shipping cost.
D．Seeking ideal producers.
【考點】說明文．
【答案】D；C；B；D
【解答】
【點評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：9引用：2難度：0.6
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1．Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.We go fishing，sit in the garden，have a picnic，live in the suburbs or go to the seaside.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.When joggers jog，they don't run on the streets.Every one of them tends to go to the park or the river.
But despite this，our children are growing up naturedeprived（剝奪）.I spent my boyhood climbing trees.These days，children are robbed of the ancient freedom，due to problems like crime，traffic，the loss of the open space and strange new ideas about what is best for children，that is to say，things that can be bought，rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US：families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（注意力缺陷多動癥）.Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%；those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood.One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However，we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing，our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author，people enjoyto seek nature.
A．jogging on the street
B．running in the gym
C．shopping in the supermarket
D．sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph，we can see that.
A．Children don't want to approach nature
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature？
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
D．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
（4）what is the main idea of this passage？
A．Access to nature improves our life.
B．Nature treats children for ADHD.
C．Getting close to nature reduces crime.
D．Man can't live without natural areas.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．It is widely believed that biodiversity（生物多樣性）is promoted to save species.But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.
Protecting habitats（棲息地）is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world's land surface，were under some form of protection.Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just 1，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalist，protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots（熱點地區(qū)）is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hotspots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hotspots results directly from population growth and migration（遷移） into these areas.A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people lived in these hotspots.Moreover，the annual population growth rate in these areas was 1.8%，higher than the global average of 1.4%.The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue to put pressure on hotspots.Therefore，keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size.
Protecting hotspots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards.The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hotpots.
（1）What can we infer from paragraph 1？
A．The loss of any species can affect humans.
B．Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans.
C．Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed.
D．Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection.
（2）What does the underlined word "ecocide" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Ecosystem protection.
B．Reduction of the number of species.
C．Serious damage to habitats.
D．Habitats protection.
（3）What's the direct cause of the terrible state of the hotspots？
A．Population growth in hotpots.
B．Migration out of these areas.
C．Global warming.
D．The global average population growth rate.
（4）What's the author's opinion on protecting the hotspots？
A．It's simple to carry out.
B．It leads to the increase of tourists.
C．It's closely connected with local people.
D．It suggests that the local people are well educated.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．International students who stayed in the US as their classes moved online during the COVID may be forced to leave，following guidelines of the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement published due to the pandemic（流行?。?
"You know I don't want to put my family at risk，I don't want to put myself at risk to travel during a pandemic and go back to Pakistan，and even if I could delay the program for a year，it is not certain that I will get the visa again." said a Pakistani student.
Many students say they need to be in the US for more than attending cljye.ais.As a PhD student，the library is an extremely important resource for them，although it is because of COVED that those services have been closed，which means even this advantage is gone.
"You know more than 90% of the international students who were studying the US when COVID-19 hit and college campuses were closed have to remain in the US and this creates such trouble in their lives and such uncertainty that is unreasonable." said a lady from a university.
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The government said that the policy speaks for itself and that online coursework is not worth a visa.So far，not any sign of change has been within sight.As students are waiting for the policy to improve，their fall programming and their future remain in limbo.
（1）Why would international students prefer to stay in the US during the pandemic？
A．They couldn't delay the program for a year.
B．They can make full use of the library resource.
C．They wouldn't bring any potential danger to their family.
D．They can learn better with their classes moved online.
（2）What do international students staying in the United States think of the new rule？
A．The new rule treats them as American citizens.
B．The new rule shows great unreasonable opinion against them.
C．The new rule guides them to plan to return to the US.
D．The new rule treats them like low-level students in school.
（3）What is the government's attitude towards the new rule？
A．Favorable.
B．Neutral（中立）.
C．Unfavorable.
D．Unclear.
（4）What does the underlined phrase "in limbo" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Horrible.
B．Flexible.
C．Uncertain.
D．Unbelievable.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 15:30:8組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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