The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago.Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and other things on buildings.Modern graffiti（涂鴉） seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s，and by the late sixties it had reached New York.
   The new art form really took off in the 1970s，when people began writing their names on buildings all over the city.In the mid seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window，because the trains were completely covered in paintings known as masterpieces".
   Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies.But at the same time，John Lindsay，the then mayor（市長） of New York，declared（宣布） the first war on graffiti.By1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught，and instead many of the graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings or cloth.
   The debate over whether graffiti is art or vandalism（故意破壞公共財物罪） is still going on.Peter Vallone，New York city councilor（市議員），thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art，but if it is on someone else's buildings it becomes a crime.On the other hand，F(xiàn)elix，a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City，says that artists are getting cities for the public back from advertisers，and that graffiti stands for freedom and makes cities livelier.
   For years graffiti has help a few people gain international fame.Jean-Michel Basquiat began writing graffiti on the street in the 1970s before becoming a famous artist in the 1980s.Works by the British artist Banksy have been sold for over￡100，000，Graffiti is now sometimes big business.

（1）What can be learned about graffiti in the 1970s？

D

D

A．It went through a hard time.
B．It first reached New York.
C．Modern graffiti first appeared.
D．Modern graffiti became really popular.
（2）How did things change after the first war on graffiti？

A

A

A．Graffiti was considered illegal on subway trains.
B．Graffiti disappeared from subway trains.
C．New York looked a lot cleaner.
D．Graffiti was accepted as an art form.
（3）What is Peter Vallone's opinion about graffiti？

C

C

A．Graffiti protects the streets from advertisements.
B．Graffiti can be beautiful if it is done by a skilled artist.
C．Graffiti is a crime if it is done without permission.
D．Graffiti can be useful for cities if it expresses good messages.