The world's elderly population is increasing.The number of old people，those who are aged 60 years or older，is expected to more than double in 2050 and is growing faster than the number of all younger age groups across the globe.This trend comes with an increasing demand for caregivers who are able to provide 24-hour care，not only at hospitals or nursing homes，but also at private homes and apartments.
Robotic assistants are expected to become increasingly marketable and reach 450，000 by 2045 because of the expected caregiver shortage in the United States.But Professor Ramses Martinez says，"Unfortunately，the outside hard structure（結(jié)構(gòu)）of recent care-giving robots prevents them from getting along well with each other safely.After all，would you leave old people who are physically or mentally ill in the hands of a robot？"
Recent advances in material science have enabled the fabrication（制造）of robots with bodies that have the ability to reshape themselves when touched.But the complex design，fabrication，and control of soft robots recently hamper people from commercializing this technology and using them at home.
Martinez and the colleagues have developed a new design method that may enable the quick design and fabrication of soft robots using a 3 D printer.The design process needs a few steps.First，a user makes a computer-aided design（CAD）file with the shape of the robot.The user then paints the CAD file to show which directions the different joints of the soft robot will move at.Finally a fast computer program takes a few seconds to change the CAD model into a 3 D architected soft machine printed by a 3 D printer.The architected soft robots move like humans，except that instead of muscles（肌肉），they rely on tiny motors that pull ropes tied to the ends of their hands and legs.They can be squeezed and pulled to more than 900 percent of their initial length."They can perform complex movements with ease，and this work makes a step forward toward the development of autonomous soft robots." Martinez says.The technology is patented.The researchers are looking for partners to test and commercialize their technology.
（1）What does the author mainly want to express in Paragraph 1？ AA
A．That more and more nursing people will be needed!
B．That more hospitals will be built in the future.
C．That the burden on young people will increase greatly.
D．That private homes will be more suitable for the old.
（2）What can be inferred from Professor Ramses Martinez's words？ DD
A．Robots have played a big role in humans' life.
B．Robotic assistants' characteristics have changed a lot.
C．Robots don't know how to communicate with each other.
D．Present care-giving robots aren't very suitable for the old.
（3）What's the main idea of Paragraph 4？ AA
A．The procedure for designing the soft robots.
B．The importance of CAD files to the soft robots.
C．The steps of the soft robots to finish some work.
D．The characteristics and application of the soft robots.
（4）What advantage do the architected soft robots have over the conventional ones？ DD
A．Being much cheaper.
B．Being more solid.
C．Being much lighter in weight.
D．Being more flexible in their movements.
【考點(diǎn)】環(huán)境保護(hù)；說(shuō)明文．
【答案】A；D；A；D
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5
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