There are some things money can't buy.Education，however，does not appear to be among them—at least as measured by performance on international exams.A new study by Harvard University offers strong evidence that the wealth of a country affects exam results just as much as the wealth of a pupil's household does.On average，pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones.
Evaluating test scores around the world is harder than it sounds.Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams，many developing countries rely on regional tests，making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible.
Researchers organized an exam in 2016 for 2，314 children in India，which included both questions from the leading tests and ones taken from smaller exams.Using answers from the same pupils on the same day to questions from different tests，they built a statistical model they called a "Rosetta Stone".It can translate scores from a range of exams—such as one used only in west Africa—into an equal mark on other common international tests.
They then used these equations（等式）to estimate how pupils in 80 different countries would fare on the benchmark（基準(zhǔn)）Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study （TIMSS）.Their data show that the wealth of a student's country and family have similar impacts on test scores—meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do.For example，pupils from families that are very poor by rich-world standards—those earning ﹩5，000 a year—are expected to score around 500 out of 1，000 on the TIMSS in America，and 560 in Japan.In contrast，those whose parents make ﹩10，000 a year in an upper-middle income country can only get the equivalent（等價(jià)物）of a 475.
The influence of parental earnings is not constant.Rich people tend to educate their children privately in places where wealth is concentrated，such as Brazil.However，in countries with relatively flat income distributions，like Croatia，pupils from different social classes are more likely to attend the same schools.This could reduce the impact of family wealth on test scores.
（1）Why is it hard to evaluate the exam scores on a global level？ AA
A．Because the types of exams vary with countries.
B．Because many rich countries refuse regional tests.
C．Because the wealth of a country affects exam results.
D．Because no international exam is available to poor areas.
（2）Why did the researchers establish a "Rosetta Stone"？ DD
A．To integrate different exams into a common one.
B．To evaluate different exams with distinct approaches.
C．To fix the standard of the exams in different countries.
D．To turn scores of different exams into an equivalent mark.
（3）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？ CC
A．Poor students tend to be academically superior to rich ones.
B．Students from rich families will definitely get higher grades.
C．The influence of family income on students is related to circumstances.
D．People with high social status are more likely to educate their children privately.
（4）What is the text mainly about？ BB
A．Education is something money can't buy.
B．The wealth of a country matters for education.
C．Family income plays an important role in education.
D．A statistical model helps to evaluate the exam scores.
【答案】A；D；C；B
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/7/11 8:0:9組卷：6引用：5難度：0.5
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1．Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.We go fishing，sit in the garden，have a picnic，live in the suburbs or go to the seaside.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.When joggers jog，they don't run on the streets.Every one of them tends to go to the park or the river.
But despite this，our children are growing up naturedeprived（剝奪）.I spent my boyhood climbing trees.These days，children are robbed of the ancient freedom，due to problems like crime，traffic，the loss of the open space and strange new ideas about what is best for children，that is to say，things that can be bought，rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US：families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥）.Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%；those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood.One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However，we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing，our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author，people enjoyto seek nature.
A．jogging on the street
B．running in the gym
C．shopping in the supermarket
D．sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph，we can see that.
A．Children don't want to approach nature
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature？
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
D．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
（4）what is the main idea of this passage？
A．Access to nature improves our life.
B．Nature treats children for ADHD.
C．Getting close to nature reduces crime.
D．Man can't live without natural areas.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．It is widely believed that biodiversity（生物多樣性）is promoted to save species.But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.
Protecting habitats（棲息地）is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world's land surface，were under some form of protection.Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just 1，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalist，protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots（熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)）is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hotspots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hotspots results directly from population growth and migration（遷移） into these areas.A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people lived in these hotspots.Moreover，the annual population growth rate in these areas was 1.8%，higher than the global average of 1.4%.The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue to put pressure on hotspots.Therefore，keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size.
Protecting hotspots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards.The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hotpots.
（1）What can we infer from paragraph 1？
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（2）What does the underlined word "ecocide" in paragraph 2 mean？
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D．The global average population growth rate.
（4）What's the author's opinion on protecting the hotspots？
A．It's simple to carry out.
B．It leads to the increase of tourists.
C．It's closely connected with local people.
D．It suggests that the local people are well educated.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．International students who stayed in the US as their classes moved online during the COVID may be forced to leave，following guidelines of the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement published due to the pandemic（流行?。?
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（1）Why would international students prefer to stay in the US during the pandemic？
A．They couldn't delay the program for a year.
B．They can make full use of the library resource.
C．They wouldn't bring any potential danger to their family.
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（2）What do international students staying in the United States think of the new rule？
A．The new rule treats them as American citizens.
B．The new rule shows great unreasonable opinion against them.
C．The new rule guides them to plan to return to the US.
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（4）What does the underlined phrase "in limbo" in the last paragraph mean？
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D．Unbelievable.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 15:30:8組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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