Young children who have experienced compassionate （有同情心的） love and empathy （認同感） from their mothers may be more willing to turn thoughts into action by being generous to others，a University of California，Davis' study suggests.
   In lab studies，children tested at ages 4 and 6 showed more willingness to give up the tokens （代金券）they had earned to fictional children in need when two conditions were present-if they showed bodily changes when given the opportunity to share and had experienced positive parenting that modeled such kindness.The study initially included 74 preschool-age children and their mothers.They were invited back two years later，resulting in 54 mother-child pairs whose behaviors and reactions were analyzed when the children were 6.
   "At both ages，children with better physiological regulation and with mothers who expressed stronger compassionate love were likely to donate more of their earnings，" said Paul Hastings，UC Davis professor of psychology. "Compassionate mothers likely develop emotionally close relationships with their children while also providing an early example of satisfying the needs of others，" researchers said in the study，published in November in Frontiers in Psychology：Emotion Science.
   In each lab exercise，after attaching a monitor to record children's heart-rate activity，the examiner told the children they would be earning tokens for a variety of activities，and that the tokens could be turned in for a prize.The tokens were put into a box，and each child eventually earned 20 prize tokens.Then before the session ended，children were told they could donate all or part of their tokens to other children.
   Taken together，the findings showed that children's generosity is supported by the combination of their socialization experiences-their mothers' compassionate love-and their physiological regulation，and that these work like "internal and external supports for the ability to act prosocially that build on each other".
   In addition to observing the children's propensity（習性）to donate their game earnings，Hastings suggested that "being in a calmer state after sharing could reinforce（加強） the generous behavior that produced that good feeling."

（1）How do young children loved by their mother tend to become in later years？

C

C

A．Considerate.
B．Emotional.
C．Generous.
D．Optimistic.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？

A

A

A．The process of the research.
B．The result of the experiment.
C．The reactions of the children.
D．The importance of Mom's love.
（3）According to Hastings，what factor could strengthen children's good behaviors？

A

A

A．Their moms love them deeply.
B．They donate the tokens easily.
C．They behave physiologically.
D．They are calmer after sharing.
（4）What is probably the best title of this passage？

A

A

A．What Contributes to Generosity？
B．The More You Give，the Calmer You Will Be
C．Do You Prefer to Receive or Give？
D．More Giving，Less Receiving