When Shakespeare called sleep "nature's soft nurse"，he was certainly onto something.Centuries later，researchers have found that inadequate sleep in children affects their emotional functioning in ways that may predict longer-term social problems.A new study，conducted by a professor of psychology，Candice Alfano，examined whether changes in children's facial expressions of emotion after sleep restriction （限制） predict social problems concurrently （同時(shí)發(fā)生） and/or over time.
"Sleep problems in children are routinely linked with lower social competence and more problems in peer（同齡） relationships，but we really don't understand what drives these associations， " reports Alfano，assuming that the answers might partly lie in the ways children's faces express emotions when tired.
To test this theory，Alfano and colleagues examined 37 children between the ages of 7 and 11 during two in-lab emotional assessments：one when children were well-rested and the other after two nights of partial sleep restriction.During these assessments，children viewed positive （think kittens and ice cream） and negative （think getting a shot and fierce dogs） pictures on a computer screen while a camera recorded their facial expressions.Participants' parents provided reports of their child's social functioning at that time and approximately two years later.
"As we suspected，children who displayed less positive facial expressions in response to pleasant images when sleep was restricted were reported to have more social problems two years later，even when controlling for earlier social problems." said Alfano.
Although concurrent relationships between sleep-based changes in facial expressions and social problems were not found，Alfano suggests that this may be due to developmental differences in social behavior and peer relationships.
"For younger children，more clearly-shown behaviors such as sharing and taking turns may be more important for friendships than facial expressions.However，emotional expression becomes more important with age，explains Alfano.
The results indicate poor sleep quality in childhood forecasts later socio-emotional problems and also indicate the importance of studies exploring how sleep affects many aspects of children's mental health and well-being.
（1）Why is Shakespeare's comparison used？ BB
A．To compare different attitudes towards sleep.
B．To show good sleep is essential to our health.
C．To indicate man's energy is closely related to sleep.
D．To create the connection between art and research.
（2）What was the research mainly targeted at？ CC
A．Sleeping amount.
B．Children's health.
C．Facial expressions.
D．Emotional problems.
（3）What role did the parents play in the study？ CC
A．Research testers.
B．Media reporters.
C．Data collectors.
D．Experiment organizers.
（4）What can we infer from Alfano？ BB
A．Overtired children's expressions can tell their present social problems.
B．More factors influence children's concurrent social functioning.
C．Good sleep is sure to guarantee a good peer relationship.
D．Age will help reduce emotional problems.
【答案】B；C；C；B
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6
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