Can Training Your Working Memory Make You Smarter？ We would all like to increase our cognitive （認(rèn)知的） ability beyond the limits set by Mother Nature.So it's no wonder that brain-training programs — which focus on training our working memory — are a multibillion-dollar industry.But can this kind of training really make us smarter？
Cognitive training sees the brain as a kind of muscle （肌肉） that can be made stronger with the right kind of practice.Although people did much research，there has been no agreement about its effectiveness.Some think that cognitive training increases some cognitive abilities，while others less hopeful.
Yet we do know that some cognitive skills probably go together and are predictors of real-life skills such as work performance.Thus，training one cognitive skill might lead to an improvement in many other cognitive and non-cognitive skills.That is the key hypothesis （假設(shè)） on which working-memory training is based.
To test this hypothesis，we examined all the studies about working-memory training.The results were very clear.Working-memory training did not show any effect on children's fluid intelligence （流體智力），a person's ability to solve new problems and get used to new sjye.aiuations.It didn't influence their educational achievement or other cognitive abilities，eijye.air.The only dependable effect was that children got better at what they were trained to do.So performing working memory tasks does seem to make you better at doing them.However，the fact that participants （參與者） got better at such tasks does not necessarily mean that their working memory ability increased.They may just have learnt how to perform that type of task.
The results do show that the use of working-memory training programs as an educational tool is useless.Beyond working-memory training，other recent studies have shown the limitations of different types of cognitive training.
However，these negative （負(fù)面的） results must not discourage us from training our cognitive and non-cognitive skills.We just have to realize the actual limitations of such practice in areas outside what we are actually training.But that doesn't mean we shouldn't do it — the most efficient way to develop a skill is，after all，to train that skill.
（1）According to the passage，cognitive training probably CC.
A．benefit the training companies
B．balance the learning skills
C．make us stronger through practice
D．help the children get good results
（2）Children taking part in the experiments were able to DD.
A．be familiar with new situations quickly
B．get greater educational achievements
C．succeed when they solve real life problems
D．do better in the field that they were trained in
（3）What is the writer's opinion on the cognitive training？ BB
A．The cognitive training is a useful experiment.
B．The cognitive training can't make us smarter.
C．The cognitive training challenge the children's skills.
D．The experiment is helpful to children's cognitive skills.
【答案】C；D；B
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
聲明：本試題解析著作權(quán)屬菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)所有，未經(jīng)書(shū)面同意，不得復(fù)制發(fā)布。
發(fā)布：2024/12/27 14:0:2組卷：29引用：3難度：0.5
相似題
-
1．It's good to share，right？Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not be selfish.We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged.But when does it all become too much？With new fashion trending all the time，such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress，the question is：when can sharing become oversharing on social media？
What is oversharing？The term has become related to social media，but it doesn't only belong to this platform.Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone.Within five minutes they have told details about their personal life.While some of us may try to escape these people，according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole，this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone.But how does this translate to social media？
Dr.Christopher Hand，a lecturer in internet psychology，says the more details people share，the less sympathy" we express when things go wrong.This could be due to a belief that we attract our own negative experiences the more we share them.It seems that sadfishing，the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing，is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.
However，Dr.Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform，the more socially attractive we become- if the posts are positive.Even back in 2015，Gwendolyn Seidman PhD，said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online.We should also control clear of showing off or bragging"，as it's now known--especially about our love lives.It makes sense- if your date is going "that well"，would you really have time to share a photo with text？
So，how can you know if you are oversharing？Well，why not ask your friends in real life.They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your gripes about your lack of money really are too much.
（1）The phrases "dance challenges" and "wearing a pillow as a dress" in paragraph 1 are used to prove.
A．a(chǎn) dislike of oversharing
B．a(chǎn)n enthusiastic interest in oversharing
C．social media becoming free
D．oversharing being forbidden
（2）According to Carolyn Cole，why do people overshare？
A．Need to connect with people.
B．Curiosity to know others.
C．Desire to help others.
D．Ambition to succeed.
（3）What can be inferred about oversharing from paragraph 3？
A．Sadfishing is generally considered as positive.
B．We might be in danger when bad things happen.
C．People don't feel sorry as much when things are wrong.
D．Become more socially attractive no matter what happens.
（4）What is Gwendolyn Seidman's attitude towards showing off？
A．Negative.
B．Neutral.
C．Positive.
D．Indifferent.發(fā)布：2025/1/5 10:0:6組卷：1引用：1難度：0.2 -
2．How do you feel about nature？After spending hours indoors，do you feel better when you visit your local park？I believe the answer must be "YES".
Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains.However，humans are spending more time inside and less time outside.For example，the number of visitors to Canada s national parks is getting smaller every year.And in countries such as the USA，only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century.
Therefore，some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health：one example is the work of Dr.Matilda in Sweden.The doctor gave people a math test.During the test，their heart rates（心率） were fast.After the test，one group of people sat in a 3 D- virtual-reality（虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)） room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature.Their heart rates were slower than people's in the other group.The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed.The natural world allows our brains to rest and slow down，and can leave us feeling happier and less stressed.Another example from Canada also shows nature is good for health.In Toronto，researchers studied 31，000 people living in the city.In general，they found that healthier people lived near parks.
Because of studies like these，some countries and cities want people to enjoy nature in their everyday life.In Dubai，people plan to build a new shopping mall with a large garden，so shoppers can relax outside with trees，plants and water.And South Korea has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year.Getting close to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children.In Switzerland， "forest schools" are popular.School children study their subjects in the forests and exercise a lot outside.So after building cities for so long，perhaps it's now time to start rebuilding nature.
In a word，nature holds a special kind of energy：it is clean，wild and spirit- renewing.jye.ai makes us grow stronger.
（1）What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？
A．To raise the problem of people's lifestyle.
B．To offer some advice for people's lives.
C．To share people's ideas about nature.
D．To show people's lives in different countries.
（2）What do the results of the studies in Paragraph 3 mainly show？
A．More healthier Canadians live close to parks.
B．The math test is difficult and makes people nervous.
C．Nature can relax people and influence them positively.
D．People's heart rates increase in a 3 D virtual-reality room.
（3）To help people enjoy nature，countries do the following except.
A．rebuilding nature near cities
B．having classes and doing sports in nature
C．planning a green area for shoppers
D．starting a brain development programme
（4）Which of the following sentences can be best put in the blank？
A．So why not run away from the cities？
B．So nature is our best choice，isn't it？
C．So why not let nature be part of our daily life？
D．So nature is more important than cities，isn't it？發(fā)布：2025/1/5 10:0:6組卷：5引用：1難度：0.1 -
3．We like to believe that before we make a decision，most of the time，we take time to consider all the facts carefully.However，experts believe that only 5% of our decisions are based on a rational thought process.So，what influences our decision- making process？
We often leave decision-making to our instincts".Scientists have found out that if we had the choice，we like to avoid pain rather than get somethjye.aig.In fact，we're twice as happy when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one.This is why when companies send ads，they use phrases like "How to avoid ..."，"Don't miss out!"，etc.
There are also physical reasons that affect our decision- making.Psychologist John Bargh carried on an experiment where people were asked what they thought of a fictional person，while holding a cold or a hot cup of coffee.Those holding the hot cup believed the person to be warmer and more sociable than those holding the cold cup.So，when temperatures rise，the more likely we are to believe in strangers.
Stress is another thing which affects our decisions.Different situations are more or less stressful for different people.Researchers have found，though，that women are more conservative about decisions when stressed，while men are to make riskier choices.
It may come as a surprise but every day from the minute we get up，we have to make countless decisions，like what to wear，what coffee to have and so on.Each choice makes our brain a little bit more tired，and this affects our decision- making.That's why important people，like presidents wearing the same three suits all the time，want to limit the small choices and spend more brain power on the bigger ones.
（1）Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
A.
B.
C.
D.
（2）What is the main idea of the last paragraph？
A．Every day we have to make lots of big decisions.
B．People sometimes judge a person by what he wears.
C．What people wear influences their decision making.
D．Making fewer decisions helps to save brain power.
（3）What can we learn from the passage？
A．We make most of the decisions after our careful thinking.
B．People are likely to be happier to avoid something bad.
C．As the temperature is low，we are likely to believe others.
D．People usually have risky decisions under heavy pressure.
（4）The purpose of the passage is to.
A．tell us what influences decision making
B．a(chǎn)dvise people to make rational decisions
C．warn people not to make risky decisions
D．show disadvantages of rational decisions發(fā)布：2025/1/5 10:0:6組卷：12引用：2難度：0.2
相關(guān)試卷