Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time.In fact，a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies，but also changes their DNA，causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes（染色體），called telomeres（端粒），says Idan Shalev，lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences（序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides，until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres，including smoking，radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study，researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children's telomeres shorten faster than normal.They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5，7 and 10，asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner；physical maltreatment by an adult；or bullying.Researchers measured the children's telomeres-in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks-at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence，says Shalev.Unless that pattern changes，the study suggests，these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging，such as heart attacks or memory loss，seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids.His study found that，in rare cases，telomeres can lengthen.Better nutrition，exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres，he says.
The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes，says Charles Nelson，a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
（1）What does the new study find？ BB
A．Hardship can change a child's memory.
B．Violence can speed up a child's aging.
C．Violence leaves scars on a child's mind.
D．Hardship has an effect on a child's mind.
（2）What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 3 refer to？ AA
A．Telomeres.
B．Children.
C．Chromosomes.
D．DNA sequences.
（3）What can be inferred from the text？ DD
A．Violence can cause quick cell death in children's body.
B．Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating.
C．Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later.
D．Being treated badly will make a child's telomeres shorten faster.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ CC
A．Violence and Telomeres
B．The Function of Telomeres
C．Violence Makes Children Aging
D．DNA Influences Children's Growth
【答案】B；A；D；C
【解答】
【點評】
聲明：本試題解析著作權屬菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)所有，未經書面同意，不得復制發(fā)布。
發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5
相似題
-
1．Once upon a time，there was a king who wanted to educate his people not to complain and expect others （1）
（solve） their problems.A good idea occurred to him.Early one morning，he （2）（disguise） himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.A milkman crashed into the stone， （3）（spill） the milk everywhere.But he picked himself （4）and went away angrily.After a while，a group of women came along，each（5）（balance） a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone.At last she limped away in （6）（tear）.But none of them thought about moving the stone out of the road.Finding nobody making （7）attempt to move it，the king was in despair.Just then，a girl came along and pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort，she （8）（final） succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.To her surprise，she saw the gold coins （9）the stone had been.The king told the girl that the gold belonged to （10）.發(fā)布：2024/12/20 2:30:1組卷：42引用：2難度：0.5 -
2．"Quick，quick，slow，slow，" my husband said as I was trying to focus．We frequently stepped on each other's feet．Both of us were being rhythmically challenged，and we figured a series of lessons might help us look somewhat elegant on the dancing floor．However，it didn't．
It didn't matter that the lessons didn't pay off．Our learning something new together gave us a string of good memories，such as taking a Thai cooking class on a cold Chicago night and learning how to make classic cocktails （雞尾酒） in a common bar．These experiences are my best memories from the past 10 years．We always have such a great time when we're trying something new together．It seems to have strengthened our relationship，and makes me feel like we have a closer connection．
It turns out my theory as such is backed by research．One study shows that learning new things with your spouse （配偶），friends，or partners，can strengthen your connection or friendship．But how exactly does this work？The key is vulnerability（弱點）． "Learning new things together strengthens bonds because it is at those moments that we can show our vulnerability to one another，"says Dr．Hisla Bates． "When we are learning a new task，misfortunes and failures are bound to happen．In those moments when we fail，the other party can be there in favor of us．We can work together to find a solution，and working together helps deepen the connection．"
The benefits gained from learning new things with your partner can come from activities as small as hiking，trying a new recipe，going boating in the local lake or taking a fitness class together．You don't have to bungee jump or skydive to grow closer．Try selecting activities that both partners are unfamiliar with，as this will ensure you're on the same page．
Trying to learn something new together once a month will benefit you and your spouse or friends．Overall，some of my best memories with my husband are the moments when we are learning something new together．
（1）What were the author and her husband doing in Paragraph 1？
A．Playing sports．
B．Practising dance．
C．Teaching lessons．
D．Taking a walk．
（2）What can we learn from the author's experiences？
A．Practice makes perfect．
B．Good memories last a long time．
C．Processes matter more than results．
D．Well begun is half done．
（3）Why does learning new things together strengthen partners' relationship？
A．It can encourage them to teach and praise each other．
B．It helps improve the understanding of each other．
C．It can reduce each other's loneliness and boredom．
D．It helps find each other's weaknesses and offer support．
（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．The power of learning new things together
B．The advantages of taking different lessons．
C．The challenge of acquiring new knowledge．
D．The importance of improving people's bonds．發(fā)布：2025/1/1 13:30:1組卷：7引用：5難度：0.5 -
3．Let's take a minute to think about the water we use.The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy.When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
（1）For example，farmers，who produce the food we eat，use water to make the plants grow.When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world. （2）That's around one in 10 people in the world.If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill.Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea（腹瀉） from dirty water.That's around 1，400 children every day!Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. （3）Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
（4）On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. （5）People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A.We use water indirectly，too.
B.Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C.It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D.If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E.Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F.In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G.In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 14:0:1組卷：8引用：4難度：0.6