At the end of the last ice age，around 11700 years ago，Earth's climate began warming rapidly.As the planet heated up，its vast glaciers（冰川）fell back.Almost immediately afterwards volcanic （火山的） activity increased.That was nothing new.The geological record has plenty of evidence of big glacial disappearance that is followed by more frequent volcanic eruptions.Glaciers，in other words，seem to control volcanoes，which flourish in their absence.
This，at least，is the case for really big climatic swings.What has been less clear is whether more modest changes in ice cover might also affect the rate of eruptions.Given that humans are busy warming the planet，and therefore shrinking the few glaciers that still exist，this question matters.It would be good to know if more volcanic eruptions might be another consequence of global warmjye.aig.In a paper just published in Geology，Graeme Swindles a geographer at the University of Leeds，suggests that it will-eventually.
The fine details of how glaciers are linked to volcanic eruptions are unknown.But volcanologists theorise that pressure is key.The idea is that the weight of large ice sheets press the crust and mantle （地殼和地幔） below.That closes up channels within the rock through which magma（巖漿）travels towards the surface.It also leaves less room for surface water to make its way down into the rocks，where，as steam，it can increase the pressure within magma chambers（巖漿房）.Remove the ice，by contrast，and those processes go into reverse.
Dr Swindles and his colleagues studied layers of ash from Icelandic volcanoes that were deposited over Iceland and northern Europe during the relatively mild period since the end of the ice age，as well as volcanic sediments（沉淀物） from Iceland itself.Their analysis revealed an unusual period between 5500 and 4500 years ago when no ash from Icelandic volcanoes found its way to Europe and when the sediment record from Iceland suggests that no major eruptions took place.When Dr Swindles compared the volcanic record with the climate literature，he found that the absence of eruptions came after a big change in atmospheric circulation patterns about 6100 years ago.That would have encouraged Iceland's glaciers to advance.When conditions changed again a thousand years later，this time to favour glacial disappearance，volcanic activity picked up after a few hundred years.
Based upon these findings，Dr Swindles argues that even minor increases and decreases in glacier cover probably do affect volcanic activity，although with a time lag of perhaps five or six hundred years.
（1）Why is the answer to whether changes in glaciation are related to the volcanic activity important？ CC
A．The new ice age has started.
B．There are more eruptions now.
C．Glaciers are gradually disappearing.
D．It has long been a question of interest.
（2）Which of the following is a possibility that the word "reverse" （in paragraph 3）refer to？ AA
A．There is less pressure in magma chambers.
B．Less water goes into magma chambers.
C．Less magma travels to the surface.
D．Ice sheets weighs less and less.
（3）Paragraph 4 is intended to DD.
A．describe an unusual period in history
B．compare glaciation in two different periods
C．explain the evolution of volcanic eruptions
D．provide evidence for Dr Swindles's argument
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ AA
A．Less ice，more fire
B．Volcanic eruptions：a mixed blessing
C．Shrinking glaciers
D．A new reason for global warming
【考點(diǎn)】說明文．
【答案】C；A；D；A
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/6/27 10:35:59組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5
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（4）What does the underlined phrase "in limbo" in the last paragraph mean？
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D．Unbelievable.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 15:30:8組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
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Protecting habitats（棲息地）is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world's land surface，were under some form of protection.Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just 1，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalist，protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots（熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)）is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hotspots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hotspots results directly from population growth and migration（遷移） into these areas.A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people lived in these hotspots.Moreover，the annual population growth rate in these areas was 1.8%，higher than the global average of 1.4%.The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue to put pressure on hotspots.Therefore，keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size.
Protecting hotspots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards.The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hotpots.
（1）What can we infer from paragraph 1？
A．The loss of any species can affect humans.
B．Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans.
C．Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed.
D．Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection.
（2）What does the underlined word "ecocide" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Ecosystem protection.
B．Reduction of the number of species.
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D．Habitats protection.
（3）What's the direct cause of the terrible state of the hotspots？
A．Population growth in hotpots.
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D．The global average population growth rate.
（4）What's the author's opinion on protecting the hotspots？
A．It's simple to carry out.
B．It leads to the increase of tourists.
C．It's closely connected with local people.
D．It suggests that the local people are well educated.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
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We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing，our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author，people enjoyto seek nature.
A．jogging on the street
B．running in the gym
C．shopping in the supermarket
D．sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph，we can see that.
A．Children don't want to approach nature
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature？
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
D．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
（4）what is the main idea of this passage？
A．Access to nature improves our life.
B．Nature treats children for ADHD.
C．Getting close to nature reduces crime.
D．Man can't live without natural areas.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5