No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream，but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains，according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory （LANL）.
"We study spiking neural networks （尖峰神經網） ，which are systems that learn much as living brains do，" said Yijing Watkins，a computer scientist from LANL. "We trained a neuromorphic processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development ."Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations （模擬）became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning.When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep，stability was recovered." It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night's rest，" said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see.The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training，which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to.The researchers exposed the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them.They experimented with various types of noise.The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise- These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group's next goal is to apply their algorithm （算法）to Intel's Loihi，a product which uses spiking neural networks to work.They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time.If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains，we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
（1）What did Watkins and her research team find？ BB
A．Neural networks are far from stable.
B．Artificial brains may need sleep as well.
C．Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D．Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
（2）What does the underlined word "analogous" in paragraph 2 mean？ CC
A．Contrary.
B．Beneficial.
C．Similar.
D．Related.
（3）Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi ？ DD
A．To better update Loihi.
B．To make sure Loihi get enough sleeper.
C．To enable Loihi to process information faster.
D．To further confirm their discovery.
（4）In which section of a website can we probably find the text？ DD
A．Electronics & Physics.
B．Mind & Brain.
C．Business & Industry.
D．Computers & Science.
【考點】社會．
【答案】B；C；D；D
【解答】
【點評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5
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The New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge.The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adults from all over the world（minimum age 16）.These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas.They have a range of accommodation choices for students.
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（1）What can we know about Burlington School？
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
（2）Which school offers the biggest discounts？
A．Burlington School.
B．New School of English.
C．University of Liverpool.
D．Interactive English School.
（3）How is New School of English different from the others？
A．It sets a strict age limit.
B．Its accommodation is optional.
C．Its teachers are qualified and experienced.
D．It offers General and Specialist English courses.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
2．Ever since I graduated from high school I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer.However，making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier.For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be unacceptable，getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is suffering.My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There are few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.In fact，all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant，which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night.Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico，where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts（輪班）in a factory，the other options have become only too clear. "This job pays well，but it's hell on the body，" said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading." she added.When I'm back at the university，skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school.All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale（陳腐的）now ring true.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
（1）What does the author think of his summer holiday？
A．It was no holiday for him at all.
B．It brought him nothing but suffering.
C．It was a relief from his hard work at school.
D．It offered him a chance to make more friends.
（2）What can we infer about most college students？
A．They do better in the real world.
B．They are confident when they work.
C．They think too highly of themselves.
D．They are expert at handling machines.
（3）What is the biggest pressure for blue-collar workers？
A．A low income.
B．The lack of security.
C．An unstable location.
D．Less break.
（4）How did the working experiences change the author？
A．He became responsible for his work.
B．He learned to be more practical at work.
C．He began to respect blue-collar workers.
D．He came to appreciate his college education.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．The size of the British Isles often leads people to think that the languages spoken in its countries of England，Scotland，Wales and Northern Ireland are somewhat the same.At first，visitors are often surprised to find that they have difficulty in understanding the accents and dialects of certain regions.Even in England there are many different dialects.
Experts believe that for most English people，the places they come from are very important to them.Accents are clues to where people were born and where they grew up.Although some people may change the way they speak during their lifetime，most people carry at least some evidence of their accents and dialects throughout their lives.In addition to the regional accents of England，there can also be class differences among the accents.People are often able to make instant and unconscious judgments about a stranger's class by listening to his or her accent.Both the words and the pronunciation of an individual reflect his or her social position.
It is agreed that in England，the kind of English spoken by a person plays a leading role that generally is not important in North America.The importance of accents and their cultural and social relationships are well represented in films and on television in Britain.The film My Fair Lady based on George Bernard Shaw's 1912 play Pygmalion is often said to be a wonderful example of how social class and the accent were，and still are，linked in Britain.
（1）Most people carry some evidence of their accents and dialects in their lives to.
A．show they are different from others
B．show the places they are from
C．change the way they speak
D．show they don't like standard English
（2）Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage？
A．An Englishman's accent reflects his social position.
B．In Britain some films show us the importance of accents.
C．The English spoken by a person plays an important role in North America.
D．An Englishman's accent is a clue to where he was born and where he grew up.
（3）How do people in England know a person's class？
A．By speaking to him.
B．By guessing.
C．By showing something to him.
D．By judging from his appearance.
（4）What's the film My Fair Lady about？
A．It shows how a boy learned English.
B．It is a love story between two lovers with different accents.
C．It shows how social class and accent are linked in Britain.
D．It shows the relationship between people from different classes.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：5難度：0.5
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