The story of the emperor's new clothes is one of Andersen's best-known fables．Conmen fool the monarch into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see．Courtiers dare not say that the emperor is naked；it takes a child to point out the obvious．
    The moral is that people are often too hidebound（迂腐的）by social convention to state their views．How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive，even when other managers have had doubts？In his new book Rebel Ideas：The Power of Diverse Thinking，Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is "cognitive diversity"，in other words，assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds．It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities．Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour．
    There is another element to selecting a good team：ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected．That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing（專橫的）．A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers-maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order（權(quán)勢(shì)等級(jí)）．
    The ability to speak up within an organization，without fear of punishment，is known as "psychological safety"．Mr．Syed cites a study of teams at Google，which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant．
    One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming，for instance，is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known．That way opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour．
    Increasing the number and range of ideas on offer may be the secret of success．As Mr．Syed writes，the willingness to share knowledge pays off in a world of complexity．Another advantage of diversity is that outsiders can spot profitable opportunities that insiders may miss．Immigrants account for 13% of the American population but 27.5% of those who start a new business．By their nature，migrants have more get-up-and-go than the average person-otherwise they wouldn't move．Some may start businesses because existing ones won't hire foreigners，but Mr．Syed is probably right that experiencing more than one culture is a competitive advantage．

The Power of Diverse Thinking
Main points	Detailed information
Two（1） examples examples to introduce the problem	●When the emperor is convinced that he's wearing a fabulous suit，none but a child dares to point out the fact，（2） afraid/scared/frightened afraid/scared/frightened of being regarded as the unworthy． ●（3） Similar Similar to the situation in the story，many managers don't dare to voice their doubts about some projects，which are being pushed ahead with just because of the chief executive's favour．
Mr．Syed's solution to the problem：cognitive diversity	●A team of people with diverse viewpoints and intellectual backgrounds should be（4） assemble/selected assemble/selected ． 1．People of both sexes and various ethnicities don't（5） necessarily necessarily compose a good team while those with different academic backgrounds are more likely to． 2．Make sure different viewpoints are heard and respected，which may possibly happen when someone less（6） overbearing overbearing is in charge． 3．Some special approaches like ensuring people to express ideas（7） with with their names unknown to others can be adopted to increase Members 'psychological safety．
Some（8） advantage（s）/ benefit（s） advantage（s）/ benefit（s） of diverse thinking	●The more ideas are collected and the（9） wider/broader wider/broader their range is，the higher the chance of success is． ●（10） Spotting Spotting profitable opportunities is a relatively easy job for people with diverse thinking．