In 2015，researchers from Australia's Deakin University published one of the first studies measuring food's physical effect on the left hippocampus（海馬體），a seahorse-shaped brain region crucial for memory，learning，and decision making.It is also one of the first areas to shrink in people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia （癡呆）.255 people filled out diet surveys and then underwent MRI scans（磁共振掃描成像） that measured their brains.Four years later，they returned for another scan in response to a request from the researchers.
The study found that the left hippocampus was bigger and heavier in the healthy eaters than in the unhealthy ones，regardless of age，sex，weight，exercise habits，or general health.That means eating the right foods and skipping the wrong stuff could help protect against declines in thinking and memory that lead to dementia.Healthy eating doesn't just prevent brain decline.It raises scores on thinking and memory tests，according to a study published in March 2019 that tracked 2，621 American women and men for 30 years."Green leafy vegetables have good effects that may protect both females and males against cognitive（認(rèn)知的）decline and dementia，" says lead researcher Claire McEvoy，RD，of the Centre for Public Health at Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland.
Even a little healthy food goes a long way.According to a 2018 Rush University study that tracked 960 people for 4.7 years participants who ate just 1.3 extra servings of green leafy vegetables a day showed cognitive abilities similar to those of people 11 years younger.
How are these power foods working with your brain cells？Animal and test-tube experiments suggest that compounds in healthy diets help new cells make copies of DNA when they divide and multiply.Meanwhile，high-fat，high-sugar processed foods harm brain cells.
While food serves as an important brain protector，experts say brain supplements（補(bǔ)品）aren't all that effective.Studies show that they don't make brain cells active in a significantly positive way."Let the buyer be cautious，" says David Hogan，MD，a specialist at the University of Calgary.A study of nootropics（益智藥） in the November 2019 Journal of the American Medical Association revealed that the unapproved drug-piracetam（乙酰胺吡咯烷酮） was found in four out of five brands tested，at levels that could cause side effects such as depression.
（1）Why did the researchers have the 255 people return for another MRI scan four years later？ BB
A．To test whether they had Alzheimer's disease.
B．To see what effects diets had on the left hippocampus.
C．To study how they kept healthy in the four years.
D．To deepen their research into Alzheimer's disease.
（2）What can we infer from Paragraph 2？ AA
A．Healthy eating helps to reduce the risk of dementia.
B．Unhealthy diet is a major contributing factor in cognitive decline.
C．Age and sex have nothing to do with our general health.
D．Plant-based diets have greater effects on women than men.
（3）Which of the following would David Hogan most probably agree with？ CC
A．Brain supplements are as helpful as healthy diets.
B．We'd better take brain supplements for convenience.
C．We should be careful when taking brain supplements.
D．Brain supplements have as many side effects as processed foods.
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？ AA
A．Yes to Green Leafy Vegetables
B．Yes to Nootropics
C．No to Intelligence
D．No to Dementia
【考點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文．
【答案】B；A；C；A
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：9引用：2難度：0.6
相似題
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1．Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.We go fishing，sit in the garden，have a picnic，live in the suburbs or go to the seaside.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.When joggers jog，they don't run on the streets.Every one of them tends to go to the park or the river.
But despite this，our children are growing up naturedeprived（剝奪）.I spent my boyhood climbing trees.These days，children are robbed of the ancient freedom，due to problems like crime，traffic，the loss of the open space and strange new ideas about what is best for children，that is to say，things that can be bought，rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US：families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥）.Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%；those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood.One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However，we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing，our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author，people enjoyto seek nature.
A．jogging on the street
B．running in the gym
C．shopping in the supermarket
D．sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph，we can see that.
A．Children don't want to approach nature
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature？
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
D．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
（4）what is the main idea of this passage？
A．Access to nature improves our life.
B．Nature treats children for ADHD.
C．Getting close to nature reduces crime.
D．Man can't live without natural areas.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．It is widely believed that biodiversity（生物多樣性）is promoted to save species.But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.
Protecting habitats（棲息地）is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world's land surface，were under some form of protection.Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just 1，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalist，protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots（熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)）is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hotspots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hotspots results directly from population growth and migration（遷移） into these areas.A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people lived in these hotspots.Moreover，the annual population growth rate in these areas was 1.8%，higher than the global average of 1.4%.The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue to put pressure on hotspots.Therefore，keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size.
Protecting hotspots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards.The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hotpots.
（1）What can we infer from paragraph 1？
A．The loss of any species can affect humans.
B．Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans.
C．Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed.
D．Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection.
（2）What does the underlined word "ecocide" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Ecosystem protection.
B．Reduction of the number of species.
C．Serious damage to habitats.
D．Habitats protection.
（3）What's the direct cause of the terrible state of the hotspots？
A．Population growth in hotpots.
B．Migration out of these areas.
C．Global warming.
D．The global average population growth rate.
（4）What's the author's opinion on protecting the hotspots？
A．It's simple to carry out.
B．It leads to the increase of tourists.
C．It's closely connected with local people.
D．It suggests that the local people are well educated.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．International students who stayed in the US as their classes moved online during the COVID may be forced to leave，following guidelines of the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement published due to the pandemic（流行?。?
"You know I don't want to put my family at risk，I don't want to put myself at risk to travel during a pandemic and go back to Pakistan，and even if I could delay the program for a year，it is not certain that I will get the visa again." said a Pakistani student.
Many students say they need to be in the US for more than attending cljye.ais.As a PhD student，the library is an extremely important resource for them，although it is because of COVED that those services have been closed，which means even this advantage is gone.
"You know more than 90% of the international students who were studying the US when COVID-19 hit and college campuses were closed have to remain in the US and this creates such trouble in their lives and such uncertainty that is unreasonable." said a lady from a university.
International students staving in the United States say the new ruling has disturbed their plans to return. "I know it is a fact that when it comes to rules，guidelines，laws and stuff like that，international students are sort of treated as low-level citizens.Even I can't even use the word "citizen" to begin with because that's what they make clear we are not."
The government said that the policy speaks for itself and that online coursework is not worth a visa.So far，not any sign of change has been within sight.As students are waiting for the policy to improve，their fall programming and their future remain in limbo.
（1）Why would international students prefer to stay in the US during the pandemic？
A．They couldn't delay the program for a year.
B．They can make full use of the library resource.
C．They wouldn't bring any potential danger to their family.
D．They can learn better with their classes moved online.
（2）What do international students staying in the United States think of the new rule？
A．The new rule treats them as American citizens.
B．The new rule shows great unreasonable opinion against them.
C．The new rule guides them to plan to return to the US.
D．The new rule treats them like low-level students in school.
（3）What is the government's attitude towards the new rule？
A．Favorable.
B．Neutral（中立）.
C．Unfavorable.
D．Unclear.
（4）What does the underlined phrase "in limbo" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Horrible.
B．Flexible.
C．Uncertain.
D．Unbelievable.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 15:30:8組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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