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531．Throughout history，countless people have made valuable contributions to astronomy.Here is a list of some of them.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copermicus did just one thing.Most scholars，however，think it was the greatest thing ever done in astronomy.Copernicus formulated what's now called the heliocentric model- -he moved Earth from the center of the universe and replaced it with the Sun.He didn't publish his theory until he was on his deathbed in 1543.
Johannes Kepler
Indeed，German astronomer Johannes Kepler's laws，especially the first，which states that planets move in elipses （not circles）- -set the stage for the law of universal gravitation.In addition to many years of hard orbital calculations，Kepler also observed a supernova（超新星），now called Kepler's Nova，in 1604.
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer Tycho Ottcsen Brahe was history's greatest pre-telescopic observer.In fact，his careful observations of Mars enabled Kepler to develop his laws of planetary motion.Two of his famous observations were of the supernova that appeared in 1572 （now called Tycho's Nova） and the Great Comet of 1577.
Galileo Calilei
The first lens Galileo made is where optical（光學(xué)的） astronomy began.For that reason，Italian astronomer Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei ranks No.1 on this list.Although he didn't invent the telescope，Galileo was the first to use it to study the sky：He observed sunspots，the phases of Venus，Saturn's rings，and the four large moons of Jupiter.
（1）Whose research laid the foundation for the law of universal gravitation？
A．Nicolaus Copernicus.
B．Johannes Kepler.
C．Tycho Brahe.
D．Galileo Galilei.
（2）What made Galileo the number one on the list？
A．His observation of Mars.
B．His observation of a supernova.
C．The heliocentric theory he proposed.
D．The significance of the lens he made.
（3）Where can the text be found？
A．In an advertisement.
B．In a novel.
C．In a magazine.
D．In a biography.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：0引用：3難度：0.5532．The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years，the latest report by the World Meteorological （氣象） Organization （WMO） said on September.However，thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management，the number of death from these hazards has been almost three times less.
According to the WMO，from 1970 to 2019，weather，climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters.Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts，storms，floods and extreme temperatures.However，deaths fell from over 50，000 in the 1970s to less than 20，000 in the 2010s.
"Weather，climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change，" says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
"That means more heat waves，drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America.We have more water vapor in the atmosphere，which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding.The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms."
"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases.But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.Quite simply，we are better than ever before at saving lives，" Taalas said.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph？
A．Disasters connected with weather have gone up.
B．The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.
C．The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.
D．Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.
（2）What will happen according to Petteri Taalas？
A．There will be more extreme weather.
B．Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.
C．Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.
D．Humans will defeat extreme weather in the end.
（3）What is hopeful behind the bad news？
A．Improved warning systems will save economic losses.
B．Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.
C．More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.
D．Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather
（4）What does the underlined word "hazards" in paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．Something polluted.
B．Something reported.
C．Something dangerous.
D．Something safe.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：1引用：6難度：0.5533．What is cross country running？Cross country is an outdoor endurance（耐久性）sport that can be mentally challenging and fun.（1）
You're not only putting one foot in front of the other；you're also thinking ahead to barriers and changes in the trail or course.
（2）However，before you begin training and racing，you should be aware of potential injuries and how to avoid them.How can you prevent cross country running injuries？The best ways for outdoor runners to stay healthy include the following running tips：
Stretch daily.For all runners and athletes，a regular stretching routine is an important part of conditioning.（3）
Warm up and cool down.Muscles and tendons（跟腱）are less likely to overstretch or tear if they've been properly prepared for running and racing.High-intensity workouts require more prep and post-workout cool down than low-impact activities.
Wear the right shoes.Make sure your shoes fit properly and that they are neither too tight-fitting nor too loose.（4）
Eat and drink enough.Competitive distance runners like to keep their weight low.However，consuming too few calories can harm your body，especially if you're a girl or woman subject to eating disorders.（5）It's effective to prevent injury and heat illness.Remember that especially in full sun or in humid regions of the state，you particularly tend to have heat stroke.Drink plenty of water before and after running.
A.Cross country running is a sport requiring money.
B.Tie double-knots to prevent tripping over undone laces.
C.It's mostly very safe in comparison to other team sports.
D.Have a well-balanced diet and be sure to stay well-hydrated.
E.You may encounter unexpected，non-natural barriers.
F.It is needed to keep your bones，joints，and muscles healthy.
G.This type of running and racing has both a physical and psychological role.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5534．—I keep on meeting with difficulties in the experiment.I can hardly go on.
—Where there are difficulties，there are ways to get over them.________（ ）發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：34引用：2難度：0.5535．Jiuzhaigou is a（n）
（極其）beautiful place so that tourists from home and abroad come to visit it every year.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5536．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main
（因素，要素） has been the Chinese writing system.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：3引用：3難度：0.8537．Looking for a fun Earth Day activity？You may want to try plogging，or picking up litter while jogging.Strange as it may sound，the new "sport" is becoming popular with runners worldwide，many of whom are posting photos of themselves and friends holding bags of trash on social media.
Plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom.In 2016，after moving to Stockholm in northern Sweden，Alstrom showed concern over the amount of trash on the road during his daily bike ride to work.Thus，he began plogging during his daily runs.
Other joggers soon joined Alstrom，and the activity became so popular that official "plogging" events started all across Sweden.As plogging became popular on social media，the new "sport" began to spread beyond Sweden，first to other European countries and then worldwide.
The official online "Plogga" group now includes members from over 40 countries，all the way from United States cities like Ohio to Thailand and Ecuador.Many school running clubs are also getting in on the action to encourage people，staging competitions that reward the runners with the heaviest trash bags.
As it turns out，plogging is not only good for the environment but also a healthy way to exercise.According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun，an average person burns about 288 calories while plogging for half an hour.This is about 50 calories more than he/she would burn when just jogging.Additionally，the constant squatting（蹲）to pick up litter increases the plogger's flexibility，while lugging（費力地拖）around the increasingly heavy garbage bags helps strengthen his/her arm muscles.
On this Earth Day，be sure to put on your running shoes，carry a trash bag or two，and go plogging.Or better still，start a plogging team at school，or around your neighborhood，and make every day Earth Day!
（1）Why did Erik Alstrom decide to pick up litter while running？
A．He wanted to clear out a path to ride his bike.
B．He was concerned about the trash on the road.
C．He was fond of exercising on his way to work.
D．He dreamed to become popular across Sweden.
（2）How do school running clubs support the new "sport"？
A．They post photos of official events online.
B．They explain what plogging means on stage.
C．They compete with one another for members.
D．They hold competitions to attract people to plog.
（3）Why is Swedish fitness app Lifesun mentioned in paragraph 5？
A．To show that plogging is of benefit to health.
B．To say that plogging is environment-friendly.
C．To offer the approaches to exercising properly.
D．To tell joggers to carry heavy bags to work out.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．Plogging：A Strange but New "Sport" for Runners
B．What We Should Do to Reduce the Amount of Litter
C．Running Is Really Helpful to Environmental Protection
D．Plogging：A Fun Activity for Earth Day and Every Day發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6538．It was a typical hot Chicago day in August 1996 when the emergency call came for Jacob's firefighting crew to handle a big fire in an apartment building.When they（1）
，a young woman came running up to them（2）at the top of her lungs， "My Kris is（3）on the fifth floor."
Immediately，Jacob and another firefighter made their way up to the fifth floor.The fire had grown so（4）by then."As a fireman I knew the chances of us（5）if we went down that hall were slim." says Jacob，"But I just kept seeing that mother's（6）in my head." So Jacob rushed down the hall without his（7）and finally found the boy lying on the floor in the（8）spot（地點）that wasn't on fire. "I just（9）the boy and rushed out，" says Jacob.
Jacob was a hero，but little did he know how his（10）decision on that memorable day would affect his own（11）some 20 years later.
At age 43，Jacob was diagnosed with end-stage kidney（腎）failure. "I really didn't know where to turn.That's（12）I got Kris's call."
Now Kris could finally repay（報答）the（13）.Soon he was at Jacob's doorstep with a lifesaving（14）. "He said， 'It's your lucky day；I'm the（15）blood type，'"（16）Jacob. "I was in shock-and he said，'I've got two kidneys，and you can（17）one.'"
The（18）turned out to be a perfect success.
"Jacob has been there all my life to give me guidance and help me make（19）.I'm just glad there was something I could（20）to pay him back for saving my life." says Kris.（1） A．called B．left C．a(chǎn)rrived D．drove （2） A．breathing B．yelling C．warning D．greeting （3） A．a(chǎn)lmost B．even C．a(chǎn)lready D．still （4） A．fierce B．messy C．a(chǎn)brupt D．bitter （5） A．a(chǎn)ttempting B．searching C．rescuing D．surviving （6） A．encouraged B．a(chǎn)ssistance C．face D．effort （7） A．mother B．guide C．partner D．dog （8） A．first B．only C．wrong D．next （9） A．picked up B．put down C．passed by D．cared for （10） A．unselfish B．crazy C．clever D．difficult （11） A．job B．life C．a(chǎn)ttitude D．behavior （12） A．whether B．where C．how D．when （13） A．money B．duty C．favor D．thanks （14） A．story B．message C．report D．repair （15） A．same B．other C．unique D．better （16） A．suggest B．a(chǎn)nswers C．a(chǎn)dmits D．remembers （17） A．rent B．borrow C．have D．buy （18） A．experiment B．program C．discussion D．operation （19） A．progress B．decisions C．a(chǎn)rrangements D．changes （20） A．do B．receive C．make D．know 發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：2引用：2難度：0.3539．
（actual），a large number of people own cars in our hometown.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5540．I had always wanted to see England.Scotland and Wales.So when my brother suggested that we take a week-long vacation together somewhere，I immediately did an Internet search.It was at that time when I found Expat Explore.It was a travel agency that could offer just what I wanted at an acceptable price.In fact，I was afraid that it was too good to be true!So I went back to Google to look for evaluations（評價）of Expat Explore.And I could only find positive things.
My second trip with Expat Explore was my first solo trip.I met several people travelling alone on my first trip and after talking with them，I decided to give it a try.When I landed in London by myself for the first time.I wondered why I had thought this was a good idea.My fears didn't go away until the next morning I met up with the tour group.
I have lived my entire life in the U.S.，so it is so amazing to visit a place like the Colosseum（角斗場）in Rome that was built over 1，500 years before America was discovered!Many buildings I have always considered historical in the U.S.jye.ai very modern in comparison to those in Europe.The more of the world I see，the more I want to discover the rest of it.
There are my tips for travelling to a place that you never have been to.You'd better plan your vacation through a combination of suggestions from travel agencies and relevant information from the Internet.And there are still many things you couldn't expect before the trip.I still remember the day when I first visited London，I couldn't find my way to the hotel I booked before.I felt really anxious at first，but later I tried to keep calm and ask the locals how I could go to the hotel.They were friendly to give me several ways to choose.You car also download apps such as iTranslate and Google Maps on your phone，so that you could understand people who only speak their native language.
（1）What did the author find about Expat Explore according to Paragraph 1？
A．It provided free travel choices.
B．It mainly focused on travels in Europe.
C．It offered satisfying services at affordable prices.
D．It allowed tourists to design special travel programs.
（2）How did the author feel when she travelled alone for the first time？
A．Satisfied.
B．Excited.
C．Frightened.
D．Bored.
（3）According to Paragraph 3，what does the author think of travelling？
A．Travelling encourages her to broaden her view.
B．Travelling gives her more chances to make friends.
C．Travelling develops her interest in modern America.
D．Travelling increases her desire to learn foreign languages.
（4）What's the author's purpose by mentioning her travelling experience in the last paragraph？
A．To tell us the importance of translation tools.
B．To teach us how to communicate with the locals.
C．To warn us about the common accidents when travelling.
D．To show how to plan for unexpected situations during travelling.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：6引用：4難度：0.5
