A team of students from Stanford University are making efforts to launch a satellite powered exclusively by water into orbit （軌道） around the Mars.
These creative students are now attending a competition called the Future Space Challenge，which is held annually by NASA，the American space agency to find more talents in space.The Stanford team names itself the SuperLunar Explorers.
The principle behind the competition is simple：to think，design，build and launch "qualified small satellites." NASA officials required that the satellites must be able to perform "advanced operations near and beyond the moon."
Twenty teams are competing for the championship.But the SuperLunar Explorer satellites are totally different.They use only water to power their spacecraft，which has never been done before.
Such a novel idea for a water-powered satellite came from Peckon Lewis，who works at Stanford University now，who once worked as NASA's chief technologist.He has always been wondering whether something other than rockets can be used to push spacecraft beyond earth. "A lot of things we send into space these days is with the help of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space， " he said，in a Stanford press release. "But if we could try something that has been already there？If we could do that，if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they're already in space..."
The spacecraft is designed with the shape of the English letter L.It is about 30 centimeters in length，and the two pieces are interconnected.The lower part of the satellite is designed to store water，which will be separated by solar panel into two elements：hydrogen and oxygen.When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark （火花），an explosion was caused.This provides a forward movement，known as thrust.
The SuperLunar Explorer team has devised a special way to guide its spacecraft.The idea is to imitate how sailors in ancient times used the moon，sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans.The satellite is equipped with cameras in all directions.The cameras will shoot pictures of the sun，the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes.Based on where the sun，moon and earth are at any given time，the SuperLunar Explorers will find their position in a mathematic way.
The Future Space Challenge is divided into four rounds.The Stanford team has been among the top four competitors during rounds one and two.The winners of the fourth round will be publicized in about a month.The final three winners will be announced in early 2023.They will get to ride on NASA's space launch system in early 2024.
（1）The essential part of the competition "the Future Space Challenge" is DD .
A．to think，design，build and deliver a qualified-small satellite.
B．to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moon.
C．to launch a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moon.
D．to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon.
（2）What does Peckon Lewis want to do at Stanford University according to the passage？ BB
A．To ban using rockets for the sake of safety.
B．To use something already in space as power.
C．To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.
D．To try using water in space to push spacecraft.
（3）It can be inferred from the passage that BB .
A．there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these days.
B．the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides power.
C．a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moon.
D．the team members of the SuperLunar Explorers are the students of Peckon Lewis.
（4）What would be the best title of the passage？ CC
A．A Water-Powered Flight to the Moon.
B．A Competition for Water-Powered Satellite.
C．A Spacecraft Powered by Water.
D．A Design of Water-Powered Space Journey.
【答案】D；B；B；C
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：8難度：0.3
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1．Houses have been getting progressively "smarter" for decades，but the next generation of smart homes may offer what two Case Western Reserve University scientists are calling an "Internet of Ears".
Today's smart home features appliances，entertainment systems，security cameras and lighting，heating and cooling systems that are connected to each other and the Internet.They can be accessed and controlled remotely by computer or smartphone apps.
But a group of electrical engineering and computer science professors in the Case School of Engineering have been experimenting with a new suite of sensors （傳感器）.This system would read not only the vibrations （震動），sounds and even other movements associated with people and animals in a building，but also any slight changes in the existing electrical field.
While there still maybe a decade or so away，the home of the future could be a building that adjusts to your activity with only a few small，hidden sensors in the walls and floor without the need for monitoring cameras.
"We are trying to make a building that is able to 'listen' to the humans inside，" said Ming Chun Huang，an assistant professor in electrical engineering and computer science."We are using principles similar to those of the human ear，where vibrations are picked up and our algorithms （計算程序） recognise them to determine your specific movements.That's why we call it the 'Internet of Ears'."
"There is actually a constant 60 Hz electrical field all around us，and because people are somewhat conductive，they short out the field just a little，" Huang said."So，by measuring the disturbance in that field，we are able to determine their presence，or even their breathing，even when there are no vibrations associated with sound."
Huang said they have used as few as four small sensors in the walls and floor of a room.
As for privacy concerns，the system would not be able to identify individuals，although it could recognise people's different ways of walking.
（1）What uniqueness does the smart home of the next generation have？
A．It uses the advanced Internet technology.
B．It is controlled remotely by a computer.
C．It features appliances and entertainment systems.
D．It can read vibrations，sounds and movements.
（2）What's the key part of the system in the smart home？
A．The sensors.
B．The vibrations.
C．The electrical field.
D．The monitoring cameras.
（3）Which is the function of the smart home of the next generation？
A．Determining people's presence.
B．Recognising different people.
C．Protecting individuals' privacy.
D．Measuring the electrical field.
（4）What may be the best title for the text？
A．Various Smart Houses.
B．Benefits of Smart Houses.
C．How Do Smart Houses Work？
D．What Are Next Smart Homes Like？發(fā)布：2024/12/9 9:30:1組卷：22引用：1難度：0.7 -
2．Scientists say they have created a new device that can turn brain signals into electronic speech．The invention could one day give people who have lost the ability to speak a better way of communicating than current ones．
The device was developed by researchers from the University of California，San Francisco．Their results were recently published in a study in the journal Nature．Scientists created a "brain machine connection" that was set in the brain．The device was built to read and record brain signals that helped control the muscles to produce speech．These include the lips，tongue and jaw．
The study involved five volunteer patients who were being treated for epilepsy （癲癇）．The individuals had the ability speak and already had electrodes （電極） set in their brains．The volunteers were asked to read several hundred sentences aloud while the researchers recorded their brain activity．
The researchers used audio recordings to reproduce the vocal （發(fā)聲的） muscle movement which is the key to producing human speech．Future studies will test the technology on people who are unable to speak．
The study reports the reproduced sentences were understandable to hundreds of human listeners asked to write out what they heard．The listeners were able to write out 43 percent of sentences with perfect accuracy．
Edward Chang is a professor of the university's Well Institute．He was a lead researcher on the project．Chang admitted that much more research of the system would be needed to reach the goal of perfectly reproducing spoken language．
（1）Who will probably benefit most from this device？
A．Those unable to hear．
B．Those unable to see．
C．Those unable to speak．
D．Those unable to write．
（2）What do we know about the "brain machine connection"？
A．It could control the muscles．
B．It could produce human speech．
C．It could transform brain signals．
D．It could read and record brain signals．
（3）Which of the following is important for production of human speech？
A．Brain activity．
B．Muscle control．
C．Audio recording．
D．Vocal muscle movement．
（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A．Science．
B．Fashion．
C．Education．
D．Entertainment．發(fā)布：2024/12/17 1:30:1組卷：9引用：4難度：0.7 -
3．A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand —not water.The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water.Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry，flows of sand.If water is present，it is likely to be a small amount.Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial（微生物的） life.
NASA，the American space agency，said more research is needed.Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration programme.He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water.But he admitted， "It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs（懸崖）."
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey.His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas.Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees.These measurements are similar to active sand dunes（沙丘）on both Mars and Earth.A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings.They usually appear in the Martian summertime，and then disappear until the next year.If these lines are dry .this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water.Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
"I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history，" Meyer said. "As long as that's true，we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars.It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden."
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes.The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
（1）What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study？
A．A lot of little life.
B．An amount of water.
C．Some Martian hills.
D．Dark markings are sand.
（2）When do the markings come out？
A．In Martian spring.
B．In Martian summer.
C．In Martian autumn.
D．In Martian winter.
（3）What's Meyer's opinion about having life on Mars？
A．Doubtful.
B．Trustful.
C．Indifferent.
D．Objective.
（4）What does the underlined word "cryptic " in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Undiscovered
B．Strange.
C．Magical.
D．Icy.發(fā)布：2024/12/3 12:0:1組卷：54難度：0.7
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