In an ideal world，people would not perform experiments on animals．For the people，they are expensive．For the animals，they are stressful and often painful．That ideal world，（1）BB，is still some way away．People need new drugs and vaccines．They want （2）AA from the toxicity （毒性）of chemicals．The search for basic scientific answers goes on．（3）BBthe European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will （4）AA the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union，by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical （5）DD for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years．
Already，the commission has （6）CC 140，000 chemicals that have not yet been tested．It wants 30，000 of these to be examined right away，and plans to spend between 4 billion-8 billion doing so．The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus，experts reckon，quintuple （翻五倍）from just over 1 million a year to about 5，unless they are saved by some dramatic （7）BBin non-animal testing technology．Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet．But the search for substitutes continues．
A good place to start finding（8）AA for toxicity tests is the liver-the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body．Two firms，one large and one small，told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects．
PrimeCyte，the small firm，grows its cells in cultures（士音養(yǎng)基）over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under （9）DD．The characteristics of the cells are carefully （10）AA，to look for changes in their microanatomy（組織學(xué)）．Pfizer，the big firm，also doses its cultures regularly，but rather than studying （11）CC cells in detail，it counts cell numbers．If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added，that suggests the chemical （12）AAis bad for the liver．
Other tissues，too，can be tested （13）BB of animals．Epithelix，a small firm in Geneva，has developed an （14）DDversion of the lining of the lungs．According to Huang Song，one of Epithelix's researchers，the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings，and（15）CC in the same way to various chemical messengers．Dr．Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases．
All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs，vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals，useful progress is being made．
| （1） | A．fortunately | B．sadly | C．ironically | D．technically |
| （2） | A．protection | B．identification | C．isolation | D．interaction |
| （3） | A．However | B．Indeed | C．Instead | D．Furthermore |
| （4） | A．increase | B．decrease | C．prohibit | D．specify |
| （5） | A．tested | B．created | C．a(chǎn)ssessed | D．a(chǎn)pproved |
| （6） | A．outlined | B．imposed | C．identified | D．released |
| （7） | A．diagnoses | B．a(chǎn)dvances | C．proofs | D．a(chǎn)ppearances |
| （8） | A．a(chǎn)lternatives | B．breakthroughs | C．possibilities | D．implications |
| （9） | A．suspicion | B．control | C．way | D．investigation |
| （10） | A．monitored | B．studied | C．a(chǎn)nalyzed | D．classified |
| （11） | A．relevant | B．numorous | C．individual | D．measurable |
| （12） | A．in question | B．in principle | C．in practice | D．in reality |
| （13） | A．successfully | B．independently | C．occassionally | D．collectively |
| （14） | A．useful | B．constant | C．mature | D．a(chǎn)rtificial |
| （15） | A．operate | B．function | C．respond | D．enhance |
【考點】社會．
【答案】B；A；B；A；D；C；B；A；D；A；C；A；B；D；C
【解答】
【點評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：12引用：1難度：0.7
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1．Hi Judy!
You often complain to me that you always buy goods unreasonably on sale promotion（促銷）and feel it shameful after going back to your school dormitory with new things not needed，considering all the money you spend is your parents' income．
In fact，this is a common phenomenon，called impulsive buying，a buying unplanned and hard to control．It usually happens when a store offers discounts（打折）or sales promotion-a special way used by stores to get more customers，which means you may fall into its traps even without notice．
Stores，with a good knowledge of customers' psychology（心理），make use of it to drive business．Avoiding all the impulsive buying is a hard thing．However，knowing our psychology behind it and reducing the times when influenced by sales promotion may be useful．So you should keep calm when facing the sales promotion by keeping in mind what you really need．
Find out the conditions where you are likely to buy things blindly．When seeing a dress advertised at 20% off，do not concentrate on the discount，but warn yourself against falling into the trap of "saving money''．
Besides，do not forget the long-term effects of your choice when meeting a sales promotion．Short-term benefits，like excited feeling just after buying items encourage impulsive buying．But the long-term costs such as waste of money and the sense of shame really annoy you．When seeing the advertisements，remember what you really want to buy originally and warn yourself of that terrible feeling．Only in this way can you save money for really needed things．
Yours，
Rachel
（1）Judy felt it a shame to．
A．complain to others about the poverty of her family
B．waste her parents' money on unneeded things
C．buy cheap things at lower prices or with less money
D．rely on her parents for further education
（2）Which of the following is true of impulsive buying according to Rachel？
A．It is designed by shops to draw customers' attention．
B．It can be brought under control with the help of stores．
C．It is planned by buyers with the purpose of saving money．
D．It is done by customers without considering its bad effects．
（3）In face of sales promotion Judy is advised to．
A．have belief in her own immediate decision
B．check the quality of the goods at low prices
C．stay calm by thinking about what she really needs
D．take the chance to learn more about stores tricks
（4）How do buyers usually feel in the long run after buying discounted things？
A．Regretful．
B．Thrilled．
C．Relaxed．
D．Sceptical．發(fā)布：2025/1/10 8:0:1組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6 -
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Burlington School，London
Burlington School is located in Parsons Green，15 minutes by underground from the centre of London.Our standard of teaching is high，with courses in General and Specialist English.The coffee bar is open all day serving freshly-cooked meals，and the school organises a range of social activities to complement （補充） the classes.Students live either in homestays or in one of our hostels.
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University of Liverpool，English Language Centre
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Interactive English School，Brighton
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New School of English，Cambridge
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B．It is located in London.
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A．Burlington School.
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D．It offers General and Specialist English courses.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
3．Ever since I graduated from high school I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer.However，making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier.For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be unacceptable，getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is suffering.My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
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The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night.Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico，where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
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D．He came to appreciate his college education.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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