2017-2018學(xué)年上海師大附中高三（上）開學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
II. Grammar and vocabulary （20’）Section ADirections： After reading the passages below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
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1．You know that business of business is making money．What you may not realize is：（21）
simple that business is．You need two fundamental ingredients--a good product that customers want to own，and bright，charismatic people who will（22）sell it and，if necessary，defend it．And of the two（23）（desire） product and competent people-good people are，in the long run，more important than good products．
You can't expect to produce one popular product after another．You can，however，cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company's strengths （24）the products are weak．It is your responsibility to keep those employees （25）（perform） as well as they can．They won't remain superb（26）reliable leadership and，in fact，there is a perfect time to address this issue．Most successful companies have a defining moment （27）profits are skyrocketing，and business （28）not be better．That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service．That you are earning more money than ever before （29）（indicate） your product is terrific，but it doesn't necessarily mean the same about your customer service．It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you earning from your product to include customer service．
Every business wants to be known for its customer service．Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product，it is its customer service （30）keeps it in business year after year．組卷：9引用：3難度：0.4
Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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2．A．double B．intense C．pressures D．stock E．a(chǎn)griculture F．trapped G．withdrawal H．a(chǎn)vailability I．drive J．expanding K．rising
Throughout history，people have fought bitter wars over political ideology，national sovereignty and religious expression．How much more （1）will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earth's most indispensable resource water？We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the（2）of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct．Less than three percent of the planet's （3）is fresh water，and almost two-thirds of this amount is （4）in ice caps，glaciers，and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access．In her book，Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last，Sandra Postel outlines three forces that （5）tension and conflict over freshwater：Using up the water"resource pie"．In India，the world's second-most populous nation，with over 1 billion inhabitants，the rate of groundwater （6）is twice that of recharge，a deficit higher than in any other country．Although water is a renewable resource，it is not a（n） （7）one．The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2，000 years ago，when global population was approximately 200 million．（The current U．S．population is 287 million．）
Global（8）accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use．In five of the world's most water-stressed，controversial areas the Aral Sea region，the Ganges，the Jordan，the Nileland and Tigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025．With the fastest rate of growth in the world，the population of Palestinian territory will more than（9）over the next generation．Most experts agree that，because of geography，population （10）and politics，water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East，a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation．組卷：10引用：2難度：0.9
Reading Comprehension （45’）Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
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3．In an ideal world，people would not perform experiments on animals．For the people，they are expensive．For the animals，they are stressful and often painful．That ideal world，（1）
，is still some way away．People need new drugs and vaccines．They want （2）from the toxicity （毒性）of chemicals．The search for basic scientific answers goes on．（3）the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will （4）the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union，by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical （5）for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years．
Already，the commission has （6）140，000 chemicals that have not yet been tested．It wants 30，000 of these to be examined right away，and plans to spend between 4 billion-8 billion doing so．The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus，experts reckon，quintuple （翻五倍）from just over 1 million a year to about 5，unless they are saved by some dramatic （7）in non-animal testing technology．Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet．But the search for substitutes continues．
A good place to start finding（8）for toxicity tests is the liver-the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body．Two firms，one large and one small，told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects．
PrimeCyte，the small firm，grows its cells in cultures（士音養(yǎng)基）over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under （9）．The characteristics of the cells are carefully （10），to look for changes in their microanatomy（組織學(xué)）．Pfizer，the big firm，also doses its cultures regularly，but rather than studying （11）cells in detail，it counts cell numbers．If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added，that suggests the chemical （12）is bad for the liver．
Other tissues，too，can be tested （13）of animals．Epithelix，a small firm in Geneva，has developed an （14）version of the lining of the lungs．According to Huang Song，one of Epithelix's researchers，the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings，and（15）in the same way to various chemical messengers．Dr．Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases．
All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs，vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals，useful progress is being made．（1） A．fortunately B．sadly C．ironically D．technically （2） A．protection B．identification C．isolation D．interaction （3） A．However B．Indeed C．Instead D．Furthermore （4） A．increase B．decrease C．prohibit D．specify （5） A．tested B．created C．a(chǎn)ssessed D．a(chǎn)pproved （6） A．outlined B．imposed C．identified D．released （7） A．diagnoses B．a(chǎn)dvances C．proofs D．a(chǎn)ppearances （8） A．a(chǎn)lternatives B．breakthroughs C．possibilities D．implications （9） A．suspicion B．control C．way D．investigation （10） A．monitored B．studied C．a(chǎn)nalyzed D．classified （11） A．relevant B．numorous C．individual D．measurable （12） A．in question B．in principle C．in practice D．in reality （13） A．successfully B．independently C．occassionally D．collectively （14） A．useful B．constant C．mature D．a(chǎn)rtificial （15） A．operate B．function C．respond D．enhance 組卷：12引用：1難度：0.7
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
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4．Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced．If you could bottle this leadership X-factor-charisma-the queue of interested executives would be a long-one．But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess？
As individuals，charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills，including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others，says Ronald Riggio，professor of leadership and organizational psychology．"They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills．"
"They，connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others'feelings and concerns．"
"And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk，"Professor Riggio says．
"One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us．We think someone is more charismatic，the more they represent our collective identity，"Professor Van Knippenberg says．In this way，a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves．
Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd．They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving，for example．
"They are up for new things，and they are not stuck in the status quo．They are open-to out-of-the-box thinldng，etc．An optimistic，energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence，"he says…
"A lot of charismatic leadership，and leadership in general，is very contextual．It's really entrepreneurial firms．It's also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because it Kai Peters，the chief executive of Ashridge Business School．
But not every organization needs a charismatic leader．Leaders loaded with the X?1 narcissistic（自戀的），self-glorifying，exploitative and authoritarian （專制的）．As Peters says："Where it is a problem is where you have'look at me，I'm a star'．"
（1）Which word is closest in meaning to charisma in the first paragraph？
A．charm
B．character
C．gratitude
D．optimism
（2）The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their．
A．proper role-playing skills
B．subtle emotional expressiveness
C．marvelous problem-solving ability
D．unconventionality in the crowds
（3）According to Professor Knippenberg，what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us？
A．The one who has a heroical image．
B．The one who can speak for us．
C．The one who is a collective version of us．
D．The one who resembles us in characteristic．
（4）Whafs Peters'attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership？
A．Critical
B．Approved
C．Neutral
D．Suspicious．組卷：16引用：3難度：0.7
Translation，Directions： Translate the following sentence into English， using the words given in the brackets.
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12．智能手機(jī)給我們帶來(lái)如此多的益處，如強(qiáng)大的電子書庫(kù)，便捷的上網(wǎng)等，以致如果沒(méi)有手機(jī)很多人都會(huì)感到悵然若失．（so…that）
．組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5
Guided writing
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13．某海外培訓(xùn)訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)在滬￥辦為期6周、全英文授課的夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)，課程安排如下．假如你是王榮（不可 以用自己的真實(shí)姓名），請(qǐng)給該機(jī)校長(zhǎng)Rodney寫一封申請(qǐng)信，報(bào)名參加夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)．信的內(nèi)容必須包括：（信的開頭已給出）
?你選擇的課程（一門或多門）及選課的目的
?你想從中一學(xué)到什么，有什么希望或要求
Directions：Write an English composition according to the instructions given．July 15-Aug.3 0 周一、周四 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)
（college English）模擬駕駛
（driving simulation）健美操
（aerobics）英文寫作
（writing）周二、周五 演講技巧
（presentation skills）點(diǎn)心制作
（cookie-making）跆拳道
（kickboxing）英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)
（oral English）組卷：8引用：1難度：0.3