Tips for Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal affective disorder（SAD）is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months.Unlike other types of depression，it may improve as spring comes on.It is often a periodic recurring disorder-you'll feel depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring.SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin（血清素），the mood-affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight.Shorter days may also disrupt the body's biological clock，which upsets the balance of melatonin（褪黑激素），the hormone which regulates mood and sleep patterns.
    Seasonal affective disorder is far more common in northern climates，where days can be very short in winter.SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that.
    Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels，getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit.If the weather permits，take a walk.In your home or office，try sitting close to a window that faces south.Replacing light bulbs in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out light similar to sunlight.
    Studies have shown that increasing your exercise routine can counteract SAD.Exercise raises levels of serotonin.Moderate exercise，which means neither too much nor too little exercise，such as walking，riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started.But any activities that raise your heart rate，including daily chores，can help，especially if you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window.Yoga，jogging and Tai chi can all help lift your mood.
    Year-end panic refers to the self-blame and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year's end，often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family.Psychological experts suggest that we should avoid peer competition.While.
    If life，once on a path，we tend to follow it，for better or worse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we often follow a certain path anyway because we are used to the way things are that we don't even recognize that they could be different.Psychologists call this phenomenon functional fixedness.
    This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works-and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap：
    People are given a box of tacks（大頭釘）and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly.Typically，the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax（石蠟）.The tacks are too short，and the candle doesn't fasten to the wall.So how can you accomplish the task？The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder.You empty it，tack it to the wall，and stand the candle inside it.
    To think of that，you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a container just for tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpose.That is difficult because we all suffer-to one degree or another-from functional fixedness.The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society.The political theorist Hannah Arend coined the phrase frozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should.In Arendt's eyes，the complacent reliance on such accepted "truths" also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview，even when there was ample evidence for them.Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence，she said，"It can be found in highly intelligent people."
    Another context in which frozen thinking can turn truly dangerous is medicine.If you land in the hospital，it's natural to want to be treated by the most experienced physicians on staff.But according to a 2014 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA），you'd be better off being treated by the relative novices.

（1）What does "functional fixedness" mean？

It is Seasonal affective disorder/It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months./It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months，and may improve as spring comes on.

It is Seasonal affective disorder/It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months./It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months，and may improve as spring comes on.

（2）How is the candle attached to the wall？

Women and people under age 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that./People with lowered levels of serotonin.

Women and people under age 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that./People with lowered levels of serotonin.

（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain way.
    Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people as well as those with high IQ although frozen thinking has much to do with intelligence.

Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD，and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started.According to the passage，moderate exercise is a great way to get started.But people shouldn't do too much exercise in the beginning.

Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD，and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started.According to the passage，moderate exercise is a great way to get started.But people shouldn't do too much exercise in the beginning.

（4）How can you avoid frozen thoughts in your daily life？ （In about 40 words）

Spring can cheer me up because it's neither too cold nor too hot.First，spring can relieve the bleak feeling of winter.Besides，spring gives people a hopeful sense of recovery.Finally，There are many flowers that bloom in spring，which are very beautiful.

Spring can cheer me up because it's neither too cold nor too hot.First，spring can relieve the bleak feeling of winter.Besides，spring gives people a hopeful sense of recovery.Finally，There are many flowers that bloom in spring，which are very beautiful.