A sense of belonging to a group of co-workers is a better motivator for some employees than money，according to a study by University of low a researchers."We find that some self-managed teams show increased performance，when their members work together well，" says Greg Stewart，the lead professor in the study.
At the beginning，Stewart's group studied how managers of self-managed teams decided payment.They studied 587 workers in 45 self-managed teams in Iowa.The members were allowed to give suggestions on how much their teammates should be paid for their work.The managers collected their ideas and then made decisions.The members were asked about how much their team spirit attracted them，and managers were asked about the productivity of both individuals and teams.
"In high functioning teams the group members work actively with each other，and they encourage and support each other，" says Stephen Courtright，member of the research group.The reason is that peer pressure acts as an important social force.Members don't want to disappoint their teammates，so team spirit is more effective even than money as a motivating tool.People have a social need to be accepted，to be regarded as a part of a group and want to perform well.
However，this，works only，when team members get along.When they don't，then self- managed teams perform badly.When team members don't care much for each other，Courtright says team spirit as a motivating factor won't work.So money becomes the main motivating factor to improve productivity.
The carrot and stick method is that managers offer team members，things in order to persuade them to work and punish them if they refuse. "Teams perform better when there is pressure from peers to perform well than when，managers wave a carrot and stick，" Courtright says."However，the carrot and stick method works well when team members just can't get along."
（1）According to Paragraph 2，members of the self managed teams DD.
A．put great efforts into their work
B．took pride in their teams
C．preferred team work to personal work
D．could advise managers on incomes of their teammates
（2）Why can some teams have high functions according to Paragraph 3？ CC
A．Their team leaders are professional and strict.
B．Their team members get high money rewards.
C．Their members attach importance to team spirit.
D．Their team members have less work pressure.
（3）The key factor for team spirit to work well is that team members DD.
A．a(chǎn)re highly educated
B．care for their productivity
C．set clear goals for their work
D．have a good relationship with each other
（4）What does the study focus on？ BB
A．How to deal with peer pressure at work.
B．How motivators work in jobs.
C．The advantages of self-managed teams.
D．The importance of building team spirit for managers.
【答案】D；C；D；B
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：2引用：1難度：0.5
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（1）What can we know about Burlington School？
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
（2）Which school offers the biggest discounts？
A．Burlington School.
B．New School of English.
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D．Interactive English School.
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D．It offers General and Specialist English courses.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
2．Hi Judy!
You often complain to me that you always buy goods unreasonably on sale promotion（促銷）and feel it shameful after going back to your school dormitory with new things not needed，considering all the money you spend is your parents' income．
In fact，this is a common phenomenon，called impulsive buying，a buying unplanned and hard to control．It usually happens when a store offers discounts（打折）or sales promotion-a special way used by stores to get more customers，which means you may fall into its traps even without notice．
Stores，with a good knowledge of customers' psychology（心理），make use of it to drive business．Avoiding all the impulsive buying is a hard thing．However，knowing our psychology behind it and reducing the times when influenced by sales promotion may be useful．So you should keep calm when facing the sales promotion by keeping in mind what you really need．
Find out the conditions where you are likely to buy things blindly．When seeing a dress advertised at 20% off，do not concentrate on the discount，but warn yourself against falling into the trap of "saving money''．
Besides，do not forget the long-term effects of your choice when meeting a sales promotion．Short-term benefits，like excited feeling just after buying items encourage impulsive buying．But the long-term costs such as waste of money and the sense of shame really annoy you．When seeing the advertisements，remember what you really want to buy originally and warn yourself of that terrible feeling．Only in this way can you save money for really needed things．
Yours，
Rachel
（1）Judy felt it a shame to．
A．complain to others about the poverty of her family
B．waste her parents' money on unneeded things
C．buy cheap things at lower prices or with less money
D．rely on her parents for further education
（2）Which of the following is true of impulsive buying according to Rachel？
A．It is designed by shops to draw customers' attention．
B．It can be brought under control with the help of stores．
C．It is planned by buyers with the purpose of saving money．
D．It is done by customers without considering its bad effects．
（3）In face of sales promotion Judy is advised to．
A．have belief in her own immediate decision
B．check the quality of the goods at low prices
C．stay calm by thinking about what she really needs
D．take the chance to learn more about stores tricks
（4）How do buyers usually feel in the long run after buying discounted things？
A．Regretful．
B．Thrilled．
C．Relaxed．
D．Sceptical．發(fā)布：2025/1/10 8:0:1組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6 -
3．Ever since I graduated from high school I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer.However，making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier.For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be unacceptable，getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is suffering.My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There are few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.In fact，all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant，which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night.Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico，where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts（輪班）in a factory，the other options have become only too clear. "This job pays well，but it's hell on the body，" said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading." she added.When I'm back at the university，skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school.All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale（陳腐的）now ring true.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
（1）What does the author think of his summer holiday？
A．It was no holiday for him at all.
B．It brought him nothing but suffering.
C．It was a relief from his hard work at school.
D．It offered him a chance to make more friends.
（2）What can we infer about most college students？
A．They do better in the real world.
B．They are confident when they work.
C．They think too highly of themselves.
D．They are expert at handling machines.
（3）What is the biggest pressure for blue-collar workers？
A．A low income.
B．The lack of security.
C．An unstable location.
D．Less break.
（4）How did the working experiences change the author？
A．He became responsible for his work.
B．He learned to be more practical at work.
C．He began to respect blue-collar workers.
D．He came to appreciate his college education.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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