The personal grievance provisions （個人申訴條款） of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 （ERA） prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause.Instead，dismissals must be justified.Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.
Personal grievance procedures were designed to protect the jobs of ordinary workers from "unjustified dismissals".The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient protection for workers against arbitrary （隨意的） conduct by management.Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.
But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly-paid managers and executives.As countless boards and business owners will confirm，constraining （限制） firms from firing poorly performing，high-earning managers puts a brake on productivity and overall performance.The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure，between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them.Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.
Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary worker may be placing those jobs at risk.
If not placing jobs at risk，to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers，those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages.Indeed，in a 2014 article，the Productivity Commission single out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.
Nor are highly-paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures.Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee，employers are more cautious about hiring new staff.This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified "high-income threshold" from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws.In New Zealand，a 2016 Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime.However，the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.
（1）The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to CC .
A．free employers from certain duties
B．improve traditional hiring procedures
C．protect the rights of ordinary workers
D．punish questionable corporate practices
（2）It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may AA .
A．slow down business development
B．weaken managers' authority
C．a(chǎn)ffect the firms' public image
D．worsen labor-management relations
（3）Which of the following measures would the Productivity Commission support？ DD
A．Imposing reasonable wage restraints.
B．Enforcing employment protection laws.
C．Limiting the powers of business owners.
D．Dismissing poorly performing managers
（4）What might be an effect of ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures？ BB
A．Highly paid managers lose their jobs.
B．Employees suffer from salary cuts
C．Society sees a rise in overall well-being
D．Employers need to hire new staff.
（5）It can be inferred that the "high-income threshold" in Australia DD .
A．has secured managers' earnings
B．has produced undesired results
C．is beneficial to business owners
D．is difficult to put into practice
【答案】C；A；D；B；D
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/6/27 10:35:59組卷：7引用：2難度：0.3
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1．Whenever I heard strangers singing out loud，whether it was in the supermarket or on the street，I used to think how annoying it was.That was until a few months ago.
Recently，my daughter Zoe started her second year of middle school with a new sense of awareness，asking me to fix the "little girl" pattern on her wheelchair seat.Not wanting her to stand out at school，I spent hours filling in pale yellow stars with a black marker，eager to erase whatever childish signs I could.Shortly after，Zoe got really sick and had to miss 20 days of school.This meant our days were filled with rushing between hospital appointments and meetings with the school，as we tried to make sure she didn't fall behind on her schoolwork.
I felt pulled back to a time when she was little and her sickness was a huge part of her life.Back then，it seemed like Zoe lived in hospitals，as she spent so much time in them.No matter how sick she got，however，she always had a positive attitude.But this was different：Zoe was no longer singing like she normally did.Zoe usually sings all the time，whether she's playing，riding in the car，or just doing her homework.There was no need for a radio in our house；Zoe provided the music for us.Consumed （被折磨）with my motherly worries， it was more concerning to me than her sickness.
One day，however，I heard her beautiful voice as I was cooking dinner.I stopped what I was doing and just smiled. "Pure delight. '' I thought to myself.Her voice slowly grew stronger，and soon，both the car and the house were filled with her music once more.How had I not noticed her singing had completely stopped，weeks and weeks ago？Now，thankfully，she's back in school，smiling and singing，and I'm thankful for each and every song she sings.
These days，whenever I hear a stranger singing a song to themselves，I don't get mad.Instead，I smile，as I know that by singing out loud，they're simply sharing their happiness with the world.
（1）When did the author feel bothered？
A.When hearing strangers singing.
B.When her daughter started middle school.
C.When fixing stars on the seat.
D.When her daughter became sensitive.
（2）Which of the following best describes Zoe？
A.Considerate and helpful.
B.Competitive and hardworking.
C.Optimistic and strong-willed.
D.Self-aware and modest.
（3）What does "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A.Zoe's love for music.
B.Zoe's falling behind at school.
C.Zoe's silence during her sickness.
D.Zoe's slow recovery from her sickness.
（4）What does singing mean to people，according to the author？
A.A way to get rid of stress.
B.A way to express love to others.
C.A way to communicate with others.
D.A way to share joy.發(fā)布：2024/10/31 6:0:2組卷：9引用：2難度：0.5 -
2．Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the doctors.I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants，then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree with this，because good eating habits begin early in life，long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food，or are always allowed to choose what they eat，they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home，they sit in front of the television or their computers and play video games.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime（消遣），it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
（1）According to the text，what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food？
A．Those who often do sports.
B．Those who often walk to school.
C．Those who often watch television.
D．Those who often have meals at home.
（2）What does the underlined word "steering" in the last sentence most probably mean？
A．Moving.
B．Forcing.
C．Driving.
D．Guiding.
（3）The main purpose of the text is to.
A．tell a story
B．provide facts
C．give advice
D．compare opinions發(fā)布：2024/11/10 12:30:2組卷：8引用：1難度：0.7 -
3．What do Harry Potter，Katniss Everdeen，and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths？Joseph Campbell studied myths from all over the world and published a book called "The Hero with a Thousand Faces"，retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth，or Hero's Journey.So，what is the "hero's journey"？
He thinks of it as a cycle in his book.The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message，an invitation，or a challenge.After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure，with some help probably from someone older，wiser，our hero solves a riddle，slays a monster，escapes from a trap.The hero's darkest hour then comes，when he faces death and possibly even dies，only to be reborn.As a result，the hero claims some treasure，special recognition，or power，which can vary between stories.After all that adventure，the hero returns to his ordinary world，but upgrades to a new level.Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.
The Hero's Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated，because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives.You leave your comfort zone，have an experience that transforms you，and then you recover and do it again.You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort，but you face problems just as scary.Joseph Campbell said， "In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek."
What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter？Auditions for the school play？Baseball tryouts？The paper due？
Watch for this formula in books，movies，and TV shows you come across.You will certainly see it again.Also be sensitive to it in your own life.Listen for your call to adventure.Accept the challenge.Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek.And then，do it all over again.
（1）What is the correct order of the following stages of the "Hero's journey"？
①Return to the ordinary world but outgrow his old life.
②Receive the call to adventure and assistance from a wiser.
③Set out on the adventure and go through a series of tough trials.
④Face the life-or-death crisis and be reborn with some special power.
A． ①②③④
B． ②④①③
C． ②③④①
D． ③②④①
（2）Why is Hero's Journey myth so popular？
A．Because it's a way to reflect on our world.
B．Because it's a way to learn about the past.
C．Because these stories are always being updated.
D．Because these stories are part of human culture.
（3）Which of the following may the author disagree with？
A．We all need a "cave" to hide in face of danger.
B．Our comfort zone will hinder our development.
C．Difficulties we face tend to be treasures in life.
D．We should overcome our fears faced with danger.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．The Hero with a Thousand Faces.
B．The Hero's Journey.
C．How to Conquer Your Fear.
D．Be Your Own Hero.發(fā)布：2024/12/3 22:30:1組卷：4引用：3難度：0.5
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