When you type CEO，CFO or CTO on your computer，notice what comes up.It is an emoji of a man in a suit.Shocking，right？Even an emoji can strengthen gendered stereotypes.However，most of us wouldn't even notice.The hidden biases and stereotypes feed into such designs，and these images in turn encourage such biases.
    Unconscious biases are everywhere.From the neighborhood we choose，the close friends we have，to the people we date.Though most of us have difficulty acknowledging it，we all do it.Gender，ethnicity，disability，profession etc.，all influence the assessments we make of people and form the basis of our relationship with others，and the world at large.
    A Yale University study found that male and female scientists were more likely to hire men and pay them ＄4，000 more per year than women.Other research has shown that a science faculty rated male applicants for a laboratory manager position as significantly more competent and hirable than female applicants.Faculty also selected a higher starting salary and offered more career mentoring to the male applicant.
    When this was explicitly pointed out to them，the faculty members were often shocked，as they hadn't realized their own internalized biases.
    In a 2003 study，Sendhil and Marianne Bertrand，at the University of Chicago，mailed thousands of identical resumes to employers with job openings and measured which ones were called back for interviews.They randomly used stereotypically African-American names on some and stereotypically white names on others.They were shocked to find that roughly 50 percent were more likely to result in a call back for an interview if it had a "white" name.
    This is what confirmation bias is，where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to people more like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do.This bias happens in a split-second，so while to an outsider，the bias maybe evident，the one holding this bias may or may not be doing so intentionally.
    Even when we say that we are all open-minded and not prejudiced，it is clear these biases still creep upon us.This is why we need to examine our biases and be mindful of our hidden prejudices and the way they manifest themselves in words and actions.

（1）Why does the writer use the example of "CEO，CFO，CTO" in Para，1？

To lead in the topic （of gendered stereotype/bias）.

To lead in the topic （of gendered stereotype/bias）.

（2）What does Para.3 mainly tell us？

Gender-related biases are everywhere.Sometimes we may not even realize that we are biased.或People generally give males more benefits in the job market.意思相同且表述準(zhǔn)確即可。

Gender-related biases are everywhere.Sometimes we may not even realize that we are biased.或People generally give males more benefits in the job market.意思相同且表述準(zhǔn)確即可。

（3）What is confirmation bias？

Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to people more like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do.或Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people regard someone more similar to themselves as superior human beings.

Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to people more like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do.或Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people regard someone more similar to themselves as superior human beings.

（4）Do you consider yourself biased？Why or why not？ （About 40 words）

Sadly I am biased in certain ways，although I never thought of it this way bejye.aie.For example，I sometimes associate women with weakness，or think girls are not in general good at math or science.I often believe people from my hometown are more upright and hard-working.All of these are biases，as I see now.Being objective is truly hard，but that's not the reason for us to be biased.

Sadly I am biased in certain ways，although I never thought of it this way bejye.aie.For example，I sometimes associate women with weakness，or think girls are not in general good at math or science.I often believe people from my hometown are more upright and hard-working.All of these are biases，as I see now.Being objective is truly hard，but that's not the reason for us to be biased.