Andrew Bastawrous was 12 when he found out he could barely see.He was then socially awkward，failing at school and terrible at ball games.
   Glasses turned his life around，yet even as a child he was aware of how lucky he was.Bastawrous grew up in the UK，but his family would visit poor parts of Egypt，where his parents were from. "Nobody there wore glasses，but I knew some people needed them，" he says. "It felt incredibly unfair.At 16，I decided I wasn't going to feel guilty about it any more." He determined there and then to become an eye surgeon，and he did.
   In 2012，he and his wife moved with their one-year-old son to a small town 5 hours' drive from Nairobi.They had limited electricity and running water.For 18 months，every time Bastawrous and his team set up their "mobile" eye clinic in yet another new location，they had to drag heavy，fragile hospital equipment cross-country.There was another problem，as one local doctor described it，"We don't even have enough doctors and now you also want eye surgeons？That's probably a pipe dream."
   All this convinced Bastawrous that something fundamental was needed.So he started exploring ways to replace his clinic with a single，convenient device：a smartphone.He co-developed an app-based visual test that gathers as much information as the classic one，using similar principles.The critical difference is that almost anyone can carry it out after just a few minutes of training.Bastawrous co-founded a charitable company to develop and apply the technology more widely.His team also developed technologies that enabled a smartphone camera to take hospital-grade images of the back of the eye.
   That's a pretty good start，but Bastawrous has his sights set sky high. "I feel we're at a tipping point now where this enormous problem will become a historical thing.That's when I'll sleep easy，" he says.

（1）What drove Bastawrous to become an eye surgeon？

B

B

A．His personal misfortune.
B．His burning sense of injustice.
C．His ambition to turn his life around.
D．His guilt about leaving his home country.
（2）What can we infer about Bastawrous's first 18 months in Africa？

A

A

A．It's hard and problematic.
B．It's challenging but fruitful.
C．It's adventurous and unrealistic.
D．It's fundamental but innovative.
（3）Bastawrous's innovation can be described as

C

C

.
A．cheap and convenient treatments for patients
B．a(chǎn) virtual and complete change from a classic test
C．a(chǎn) smart and popularised application of technology
D．fast and effective trainings of medical professionals
（4）What do Bastawrous's words in the last paragraph show？

D

D

A．His modest attitude to his past achievements.
B．His optimistic views on the cure for blindness.
C．His strong belief in the effects of future technology.
D．His firm determination to carry on his challenging career.