2018-2019學(xué)年上海市楊浦區(qū)復(fù)旦大學(xué)附中高二（下）開(kāi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
Ⅰ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.
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1．A great variety of guidance for______visitors ideas for what to do in off-peak season， for example， or outside of the city center-can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks， or discouraging short break away in the first place．（ ）
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2．Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving____________ to responsible operators， and even high- paying consumers．（ ?。?/h2>
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3．Un-learning is more difficult than learning-because we become_____________to thinking or feeling in certain ways over time．（ ）
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4．I suspect____________ Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning，____________ is why I am considering cancelling my account．（ ?。?/h2>
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5．If there are any such adjustments it would suggest that investors had interpreted the information in a biased fashion and hence in a（n）____________manner．（ ?。?/h2>
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6．A new study_______ the marmoset's reputation for admirable community values．Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones in private than when they are surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members．（ ?。?/h2>
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7．The city announced severe measures___________to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible．（ ?。?/h2>
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8．Climate change is projected to have far-reaching____________ ---including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production．（ ?。?/h2>
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9．The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face，_________prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most expert agree will come in the future．（ ?。?/h2>
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10．Someone who_________you to something you are not comfortable doing will stress you out．（ ?。?/h2>
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11．The ability of the herd mentality__________something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena．（ ）
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12．There are many"forced riders"，who are suffering from the climate impacts____________ having scarcely contributed to the problem．（ ?。?/h2>
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13．As late as the middle of the 19th century women voting was______common． But women in Europe and North America believed that they should have a（n）______in their government's leaders．（ ?。?/h2>
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Section BDirections：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C， and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
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39．This month，Germany's transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles．They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost．
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the "death valley" of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future．
Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury；that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel - to check email，say - the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash．
"The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，" says Dobrindt．It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers，he says．
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers． "The liability issue is the biggest one of them all，" says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK．
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human "be watchful and monitoring the road" at every moment．
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars． "When you say 'driverless cars'，people expect driverless cars．" Merat says． "You know - no driver．"
Because of the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation．
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California．That is happening in the UK and Singapore，where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched．
That would go down poorly in the US，however． "The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，" says Calo．
（1）What does the phrase "death valley" in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A．A place where cars often break down．
B．A case where passing a law is impossible．
C．An area where no driving is permitted．
D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear．
（2）The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to．
A．stop people from breaking traffic rules
B．help promote fully automatic driving
C．protect drivers of all ages and races
D．prevent serious property damage
（3）What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars？
A．It should get the attention of insurance companies．
B．It should be the main concern of law makers．
C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents．
D．It should involve no human responsibility．
（4）What could be the best title for the passage？
A．Autonomous Driving：Whose Liability？
B．Fully Automatic Cars：A New Breakthrough
C．Autonomous Vehicles：Driver Removed!
D．Driverless Cars：Root of Road Accidents組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6
Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
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40．A．It all depends on the airline．
B．Premium economy is always worth the money．
C．In the end，it all comes down to money and how much you think it's worthwhile to pay more．
D．Just as with business class and even regular coach，the seats and product vary significantly from one airline to the next．
E．That couldn't be further from the truth．
F．Delta's Comfort+，gives you slightly more space and a chance to board early．
5 Fictions about Premium Economy（豪華經(jīng)濟(jì)艙） If the sight of your fellow passengers relaxing in premium economy has you filled with envy，you're not alone．It seems like every airline is providing a few rows of seats that offer just that much more legroom and space．But is it worth the price？Here are five fictions about premium economy class．
（1）Premium economy is pretty much the same on every airline．
"（1）"，says Zach Honig，editor-in-chief of the The Points Guy．Benefits can include anywhere from 5 to 7 inches of extra legroom，a slightly wider seat and slightly more seat recline （向后倚靠）．Other conveniences can include adjustable head rests，leg rests on some carriers，larger personal TV screens，power ports and a better level of food．But frankly，nothing is standardized．
（2）You get a meal and free drinks with a premium economy seat．
Not on most domestic flights that offer a semblance （表象） of international service． （2）But when it comes to meals，you'll get a few more bags of free peanuts than they offer in coach and the opportunity to purchase pre- packed in-flight meals before economy-class passengers do．
（3）There are others benefits，like free Wi-Fi．
You might find furrier pillows and larger blankets，but add-ons like in-flight Wi-Fi usually come along with an additional charge． "（3）"，says DiScala of Johnny Jet，who adds， "Some do，so always ask．I made the mistake of buying Wi-Fi on my SAS flight in June．I later learned that premium passengers get it for free．"
（4）You get a lot more space．
A "lot more space" is very relative．Don't expect a huge seat，just one that's somewhat larger than those in economy on the same aircraft．Honig says that "You can expect to find roughly as much space as you'll get in the domestic first-class cabin on a U．S．a(chǎn)irline，or in JetBlue's 'Even More Space' section．It's definitely more than you'll have in coach．"
5． （4）
"Just as with business class，it's worth checking the price of premium economy，" says Leff of ViewfromtheWing．com． "The addition may not be very high．Last weekend，I wrote about premium economy on Virgin Atlantic being cheaper than coach．But it may also be much more expensive．Airfares vary dramatically，and that's as true for premium economy as it is for coach．"組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5