2021-2022學(xué)年北京八中高一（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

一、完形填空（共1小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 1．Past the breakers，about 50 feet from shore，two brothers were fighting for their lives.They had been swept out to sea in a strong current，their mouths barely able to stay above the（1）

  .Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys，but the screams were unmistakable.And every second counted.（2）

  ，four surfers in wet suits were nearby.Narayan Weibel，Spenser Stratton，Adrian York and Taj Ortiz-Beck，all 16，were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the（3）

  .They turned and saw two bobbing（擺動(dòng)） heads and four flailing（撲打） arms. "We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown，" Weibel told the reporter.Weibel，Stratton，and Ortiz-Beck paddled（用槳?jiǎng)潱?toward the swimmers while York headed to shore to find someone to call 911.He then dived back in to（4）

  his friends.As the surfers drew close，the brothers were （5）

  .Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside one brother.Grabbing him under his arms，he pulled him up onto his board.Stratton and Weibel，meanwhile，were trying to help the otjye.air.He was large，250 to 300 pounds，and he was panicked. "Calm down-we（6）

  you!" Weibel shouted.York arrived（7）

  to help get the guy on top of the second board.They then paddled several minutes through a wild current to the medical help waiting onshore.The brothers were scared but（8）

  . "When we get a call like this one，it's usually too （9）

  by the time we get there，" says Dillon Cleavenger，the lifeguard， "I can't say enough about what these boys did.They were willing and prepared to （10）

  their lives."
  
  

  （1）	A．board	B．water	C．ship	D．shore
  （2）	A．Luckily	B．Surprisingly	C．Surely	D．Gradually
  （3）	A．news	B．stories	C．words	D．cries
  （4）	A．invite	B．guide	C．help	D．greet
  （5）	A．striking	B．struggling	C．strengthening	D．stretching
  （6）	A．met	B．got	C．knew	D．followed
  （7）	A．in fear	B．in turn	C．in time	D．in advance
  （8）	A．proud	B．strong	C．satisfied	D．fine
  （9）	A．late	B．busy	C．far	D．difficult
  （10）	A．save	B．change	C．risk	D．share
  組卷：14引用：2難度：0.3

  解析

二、語(yǔ)法填空（共2小題；每小題5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)將答案填在答題紙上。

• 2．Based on AR and VR，the metaverse（元宇宙）aims to bring people closer together in an online setting，（1）

  （enable） them to be connected in ways they couldn't be before.Imagine（2）

  （attend） a meeting from the comfort of your couch，（3）

  you don't dress up，but your avatar.
  （4）

  （do）.You're seated at a virtual table with other people（5）

  reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life.A metaverse could very likely bring these imaginations to reality，and soon.
  組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.Since then，they （1）

  （try） to find out how the fire（2）

  （begin）.Forest fires （3）

  （be） often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly（4）

  （throw） away.Yesterday the firemen（5）

  （examine） the ground carefully，but（6）

  （be） not able to find any broken glass.They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.This morning，however，a firemen accidentally（7）

  （discover） the cause.He（8）

  （notice）the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16，000-volt power ljye.aie.In this way，he was able to solve the mystery.The explanation was simple but very unusual.A bird（9）

  （catch） the snake from the ground and then （10）

  （drop） it on to the wires.The snake then wound itself round the wires.When it did so，it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.
  組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

三、閱讀理解（共4小題；每小題6分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 4．Don't you think robots are a part of your life？In factories，robots put together everything from toys to cars.Some homes have robots that sweep floors or mow the lawn（剪草坪）.And more robots are soon to come.
  

  	Like a Human Robots don't expect any thanks for all the work they do for us.After all，they don't have feelings.But that may be changing with Nexi，a robot created by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Nexi can move its face to show anger，happiness，or sadness.It can also raise its eyebrows to show surprise.
  	（3） How would you like a robot to help clean up your toys，or one that plays hide-and-seek with you？Nao can be programmed to do both those activities，and more.A two-foot-tall robot，Nao was designed by a company in France to be a helper and companion.It can talk，walk and even remember faces，voices，and places.Also，it can be programmed to assist with daily tasks，such as checking e-mails.
  	Robots at Work Need a lift out of bed？RIBA，short for "Robot for Interactive Body Assistance"，will lend its helpful arms!Some patients at hospitals and nursing homes have a hard time getting in and out of bed.RIBA can gently lift a patient out of bed and help him or her into a wheelchair.The robot can safely pick up and carry people weighing 135 pounds.
  	Water Bots Robots that work in water-and look like familiar sea creatures-are making news lately.One of them is a robotic fish.Researchers built the robo-fish to swim in water to detect pollution.There's even a robotic penguin called the AP，which uses flippers（魚(yú)鰭）to paddle and can move in all directions.

  Experts predict that by 2025 we could have robots in every household!You might be living or working with one of them every day!
  
  （1）If a patient needs assistance out of bed，which may be a good helper？

  
  A．Nexi.
  B．AP.
  C．Nao.
  D．RIBA.
  （2）According to the passage，a robotic fish might be used for

  .
  A．discovering fish
  B．picking up rubbish
  C．studying sea creatures
  D．finding out pollution
  （3）Which subtitle can be filled in the blank？

  
  A．Household Helpers.
  B．Programme Designers.
  C．Hotel Cleaners.
  D．Game Players.
  組卷：8引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 5．Recycling Electronic Waste When Alex Lin was 11 years old，he read an alarming article in the newspaper，which said that people were burying old computers in backyards，throwing TVs into streams，and dumping（丟棄） cell phones in the garbage.This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment，getting into crops，animals，water supplies -- and people.
     Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN--the Westerly Innovations Network.Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
     But what could they do about this project with e-waste？The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.They learned how to dispose（處置） of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled.Then，they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was，let alone how to properly dispose of it.
     Alex and his friends went into action.They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students，asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.The drive lasted two days，and they collected over 9，500 kilograms of e-waste.
     The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.After some research，they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling.So，they began learning to refurbish （翻新）computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own.In this way，they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
     For a lasting solution to e-waste，the drop-off center wasn't enough.Laws would have to be passed.In 2016，WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town，which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste.The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.
     Because of the work of WIN，more and more people，like Alex and his team，are getting the message about safe disposal of e-wjye.aite.As Alex says， "Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage."
  
  （1）What was Alex's worry after he read the article？

  
  A．The littering of e-waste.
  B．The recycling of plastic.
  C．The change of environment.
  D．The overuse of old computers.
  （2）What did Alex do to start the project？

  
  A．Set up WIN.
  B．Collect information.
  C．Ask friends for help.
  D．Carry out a survey.
  （3）What message does the story convey？

  
  A．There is no end to perfection.
  B．Success comes through failure.
  C．Every positive attitude has a reward.
  D．Young people can make a big difference.
  組卷：9引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 6．An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle，a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
     Salah Sukkarieh，a professor at the University of Sydney，sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging.He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power.It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals.A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick.Radio tags（標(biāo)簽）on the animals will measure temperature changes.The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape，color and texture （質(zhì)地）of grass.That way，cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
     Machines have largely taken over planting，watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat，but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
     For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds，it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle.But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job.Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.Bonds，who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago，still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
     Other cattlemen see more promise in robots.Michael Kelsey Paris，vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association，said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen，making them appealing targets.
  
  （1）What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry？

  
  A．Soil pollution.
  B．Lack of workers.
  C．Aging machines.
  D．Low profitability.
  （2）What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do？

  
  A．Monitor the quality of grass.
  B．Cure the diseased cattle.
  C．Move cattle to another field.
  D．Predict weather changes.
  （3）Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle？

  
  A．He wants to help them earn a living.
  B．He thinks men can do the job better.
  C．He is inexperienced in using robots.
  D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
  （4）How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey？

  
  A．Increase the value of cattle.
  B．Bring down the cost of labor.
  C．Make the job more appealing.
  D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
  組卷：195引用：7難度：0.5

  解析

• 7．The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities.While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars，that won't help the millions who are dying in the meantime，and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.
     In March 2016，10 London pigeons became famous.These pigeons took to the sky from Primrose Hill in north London，wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution.Once in the air，the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.
     The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution.London's air pollution problem has been getting worse for years，and it often rises to more than three times the European Union's legal limit.
     Another promising approach can be found in Beijing，after China declared a "war against pollution" in 2014.A seven-metre-high"Smog Free Tower"，designed by a Dutch scientist，Daan Roosegaarde，opened in Beijing's 751 D Park in September 2016.
     It is a huge，outdoor air purifier.Airborne particles（顆粒）are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge.The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. "Changing smog particles does not take much current."Roosegaarde said.
     As for what to do with the collected PM waste，he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste.Prince Charles owns a set of "smog free" cufflinks （袖扣）.If collected on at a big scale，Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.
     Mexico City has an alternative solution.Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building，Allison Dring，a Berlin-based architect，managed to catch light and wind from all sides.She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. "It means that you are actually taking carbon（碳） out of the sky，transforming it into a material，and then using it to build，"says Dring.
     The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting.Even if none of the ideas take off，at least Prince Charles' cuflinks，the special building surface and pigeons wearing back-packs will have brought the issue more to the public's attention.
  
  （1）The underlined words "on the cards" in para.1 probably mean

  .
  A．hardly to achieve
  B．widely questioned
  C．very likely to happen
  D．publicly welcomed
  （2）The ten pigeons in London were used to

  .
  A．monitor air pollution
  B．warn Londoners
  C．update weather forecast
  D．promote backpacks
  （3）What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower？

  
  A．It can catch light and wind.
  B．Its power consumption is high.
  C．PM waste from it can be reused.
  D．It is the first air purifier in the world.
  （4）Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？

  
  A．
  B．
  C．
  D．
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

六、根據(jù)首字母和英文釋義，填寫(xiě)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（共12小題；每小題1分，共11分）請(qǐng)將完整的單詞拼寫(xiě)填在答題紙上。

• 21．They were very c

  about the people who lived upstairs. （adj.jye.ai a strong desire to know about something）
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.7

  解析

七、書(shū)面表達(dá)（15分）

• 22．假如你是紅星中學(xué)高三（1）班學(xué)生李華。你的英國(guó)筆友Jim對(duì)中國(guó)的數(shù)字化生活很感興趣，來(lái)信詢問(wèn)相關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
  1. 介紹你身邊的數(shù)字化生活；
  2. 闡述你的看法；
  3. 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方情況。
  注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于80；
  2. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
  Dear Jim，
  ___________.
  Yours，
  Li Hua
  組卷：29引用：3難度：0.4

  解析