2021-2022學年上海市寶山區(qū)行知中學高三（下）開學英語試卷

Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passages below，fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．Young Chinese Take a Stand Against Pressure of Life--By Lying Down
      Young Chinese are rebelling against society through a simple act of resistance：lying down.Examples of the"tangping'"，or"lying flat'"，way of life （ l）

  （include） not getting married，not having children，and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all. "I stay at home and sleep and watch television series.Sometimes I go out for walks，read books and just think a lot，" said Daisy Zhang，who described herself as"lying flat'"for the last two weeks （2）

  leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.
      "Tangping'"（3）

  （emerge） over the last few months as the rallying call of Chinese millennials who have had enough of the rat race.Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States. （4）

  consider call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or "ideological emancipation（解放）" from consumerism.Supporters portray it as a rejection of struggle and endless striving.Critics say it is defeatist. "People realize there is no upward mobility，" said Yicheng Wang，a PhD student in political science at Boston University，who studies propaganda and popular discourse."My life is like this.It will always be like this."The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum， （5）

  author，unemployed for the last two years，described a low -effort，low-cost lifestyle （6）

  （consist） of just a few months' work out of the year.
      "Lying flat is my sophistic movement，"he wrote，referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes，who was known （7）

  living in a barrel.He posted a picture of himself lying in bed in the middle of the day with the curtains （8）

  （draw）.
      In the following weeks ，a"lying flat'"group on the online forum Douban surged to 9，000 members.Internet users identified themselves as"lying flatists'"，posting photos of cats and seals lying supine（仰臥的）.But（9）

  "tangping'"gained popularity，it also brought a level of disgrace.Nanfang Daily called the philosophy "shameful".Global Times made light of it describing"lying flat'"as"not a serious philosophy'".The Youth League pointed out that young medical workers on the front lines during the pandemic "never chose to lie down."
      For Zhang in Wuxi，lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society." Many people want to lie down because 996 is too tiring，"she said，referring to the notorious hours common in tech industry，（0）

  staff are expected to work from 9 a.m.jye.ai 9 p.m，six days a week.The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break.
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note thatthere is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.thread B.illustrate C.breaks D.films E.engage F.second G.favored H.constantly I.embracing J.considerably K.certified

  Learning for a Distracted Generation
     Today's students have a problem，and it is not the one written on the board.They were born into a world where algorithms（算法） keep them clicking，scrolling and swiping at a rapid pace.Technology，smartphones，social media and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus and changing the way they think.Now teachers have a problem too.They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking regular （1）

  .Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation，but how education should evolve for digital-native students was not something that was covered when they were getting （2）

  .
     A common （3）

  among teachers is that short is good.When students can't seem to pay attention to long lectures，many teachers simply hack lessons into smaller chunks（模塊）.In fact，students need time to （4）

  with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on.Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable comprehension.
     A 2018 study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from physical books.They prefer video as a source of information （5）

  only to teachers.
     Therefore，some tech-forward teachers choose to "meet kids where they are'"on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.Asha Choksi，vice president of global research at Pearson，gives the example of a teacher who （6）

  himself performing a science experiment and posts it to YouTube.When it is time for class，he uses the video to （7）

  materials in the textbook，which can seem boring to students.
     Still，while those educators are （8）

  technology in the classroom to meet students' needs，they are also finding value in traditional methods，and so suggest a blended（混合的）learning approach.Direct instruction from them will never be replaced in their classes.Technology will be （9）

  only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
     Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media.Teachers have no choice but to adapt.They are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies，but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world （10）

  trying to distract them.Think of the Zuckerbergs，the Gates，the Jobs and all those pioneers in the tech world.They became successful not because they could code：it was because they could think.
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．Almost all animals sleep，but do they dream？We certainly can't ask animals if they dream，but we can at least（1）

  the evidence that they might.There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly（2）

  task.One is to look at their physical behavior during the various stages of the sleep cycle.The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains.
  The story of how we（3）

  how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s.Back then，reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out（4）

  in their dreams.This was curious，because during so-called REM sleep （rapid eye movement），our muscles are usually paralyzed.
  Researchers realized that causing a similar state in（5）

  could allow them to explore how they dream.In 1965，F(xiàn)rench scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem，called the pons，from a cat's brain（6）

  it becoming paralyzed when in REM.The researchers called the condition"REM without atonia"or REM-A.Instead of lying still，the cats walked around and behaved aggressively.This hinted they were dreaming of（7）

  from their waking hours.
  （8）

  movement is not the only way of looking into dreams，though.Researchers can now（9）

  look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep.In 2007，MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus，a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories.They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes.Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept.Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during（10）

  and during REM.（11）

  ，it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping.The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise（12）

  within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze.Does the behavior of cats in science experiments actually（13）

  dreaming？Do rats have any subjective awareness that they're running their mazes in their minds while they nap？We can say with a reasonable amount of（14）

  that the physiological and behavioral features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats，rats，and other animals.Yet what it's actually like to（15）

  a dream if you're not human remains a mystery.
  
  

  （1）	A．foresee	B．cover	C．strengthen	D．observe
  （2）	A．disconnected	B．endless	C．uncomfortable	D．impossible
  （3）	A．made for	B．took over	C．worked out	D．tuned down
  （4）	A．dialogues	B．ideals	C．movements	D．meanings
  （5）	A．a(chǎn)nimals	B．dreams	C．humans	D．changes
  （6）	A．imagined	B．prevented	C．a(chǎn)ppreciated	D．witnessed
  （7）	A．disasters	B．a(chǎn)ctivities	C．successes	D．failures
  （8）	A．Physical	B．Accidental	C．Harmonious	D．Independent
  （9）	A．randomly	B．reluctantly	C．unconsciously	D．humanely
  （10）	A．sleeping	B．running	C．recording	D．studying
  （11）	A．To sum up	B．By comparison	C．For example	D．In other words
  （12）	A．location	B．prediction	C．moment	D．nature
  （13）	A．a(chǎn)ccount for	B．rely on	C．qualify as	D．differ from
  （14）	A．doubt	B．certainty	C．specification	D．memory
  （15）	A．explain	B．explore	C．experience	D．experiment
  組卷：9引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections：Read the following two passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．As consumers，especially young ones，become more eco-conscious，services are popping up to reduce wastefulness in the flower industry，extending the life of old bouquets（花束）that were previously thrown away the day after a big event.
     Considering that the floral gifting market is expected to reach 16 billion in revenue by 2023，buying from eco-friendly businesses can have a huge impact.According to one estimate，the roughly 100 million roses grown for a typical Valentine's Day in the U.S.produce about 9，000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
     "When you realize what the supply chain looks like and the number of hands that touch these flowers.jye.ai then they're only appreciated for a couple of hours，it's kind of disgusting when you think about the amount of resources that go into it，" says Jennifer Grove，founder of New York City-based flower service Repeat Roses.
     While working as a wedding designer and corporate planner，Grove often oversaw the design of floral arrangements，only to see those creations thrown away within a few hours.In 2014 she founded Repeat Roses to make it easier for luxury clients to donate used bouquets.Like a traditional floral service，the company sells high-end floral decorations for weddings or social events，but it then recycles or composts（堆肥）them.
     If a customer chooses the unique repurposing（改變用途）service，a Repcat Roses team can remove the arrangements from the event and then restyle the flowers into smaller bouquets to donate to hospitals，nursing homes and family shelters.If there's a charity that holds a special place in a customer's heart，the team will ensure the blooms are sent there."It s a logistics business，and we're trying to make sure we are strategic in where we play matchmaker，"Grove says.When the charities are finished with the flowers，Repeat Roses also picks them back up and composts jye.aim.The altruism isn't free--prices start at ﹩1，75 0 for the removal and repurposing service to account for the transportation and labor costs.If you're not willing to spend that much，the company will still compost the flowers from your event instead of sending them to a landfill.
     Through these two methods，Repeat Roses estimates it has diverted more than 98 tons of waste from landfills and delivered almost 53，000 floral arrangements to people in need.Although Repeat Roses is a for-profit business，the flower repurposing itself is a tax write-off for the client.As the fair market value of a client's donated flowers is what's used for the charitable tax credit and is eligible for deduction，Repeat Roses ensures that the beneficiary sends you an acknowledgement letter including details of your donation.
  
  （1）Jennifer Grove founded Repcat Roses in order to do the following except

  
  A．a(chǎn)void the waste of flowers
  B．reduce the pollution to the environment
  C．earn money by selling used flowers
  D．help some customers do charity work
  （2）The underlined word"altruism"in Paragraph5 refers to

  
  A．the company's composting the flowers
  B．the customers' donating flowers to people in need
  C．the reception of the donation by the people in need
  D．the transportation of the flowers to a landfill
  （3）What benefit does a customer who has donated flowers get？

  
  A．To get a discount when buying flowers.
  B．To feel fulfilled because of donation.
  C．To get a tax reduction.
  D．To receive a letter of compliment.
  （4）The passage is mainly intended to introduce

  
  A．a(chǎn) creative way of making money
  B．a(chǎn) green trend of waste utilization
  C．a(chǎn) way to cut the emission of carbon dioxide
  D．a(chǎn) company devoted to charity
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．讓新任館長欣慰的是，得益于針對性的舉措，原本積灰的展品煥然一新，博物館也恢復了往日的風采。（restore）
  
  組卷：13引用：2難度：0.6

  解析

Guided WritingDirections：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

• 13．《二十一世紀英語報（2 lst Century）》組織了一個題為"報考本市大學還是外地大學？"的討論，下表是你班同學的一些觀點。請根據(jù)下面的提示寫一篇報道你班討論情況的短文。
  
  

  贊成報考外地大學的理由	贊成報考本地大學的理由
  1.鍛煉獨立生活的能力	1.離父母近，可互相照顧
  2.交友機會更多	2.環(huán)境好，利于學習
  3.可以為將來的工作獲取更多經(jīng)驗	3.節(jié)約開支

  ____________
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

  解析