2022-2023學(xué)年上海市南模中學(xué)高三（上）開學(xué)英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For theblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useoneword thatbestfitseachblank.
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1．Quantum computer chips demonstrated at the highest temperatures ever Quantum computing is heating up.For the first time，quantum computer chips（1）
（operate） at a temperature above-272℃，or I kelvin.That may still seem frigid，but it is just warm enough to potentially enable a huge leap in the capabilities.
Quantum computers are made of quantum bits，or qubits（量子比特），（2）can be made in several different ways.One that（3）（receive） attention from some of the field's big players consists of electrons on a silicon chip.
These systems only function at extremely low temperatures-below 100 millidelvin，or-273.05℃-so the quilts have to be stored in powerful refrigerators.The electronics that power them won't run at such low temperatures，and also emit heat that could disrupt the qubits，so（4）are generally stored outside the refrigerators with each qubit is connected by a wire to its electronic controller.
"Eventually，for useful quantum computing，we will need to go to something like a million qubits，and this sort of brute force method，with one wire per qubit，won't work any more，"says Menno Veldhorst at QuTech in the Netherlands."It works for two qubits，but not for a million."
Veldhorst and his colleagues，（5）another team led by researchers at the University of New South Wales in Australia，have how demonstrated that these qubits can be operated at（6）（high） temperatures.The latter team showed they were able to control the state of two qubits on a chip at temperatures up to 1.5 kelvin，and Veldhorst's group used two quibts at 1.1 kelvin in（7）is called a logic gate，which performs the basic operations that make up more complex calculations.
（8）we know the qubits themselves can function at higher temperatures，the next step is incorporating the electronics onto the same chip."I hope that（9）we have that circuit，it won't be too hard to scale to something with practical applications，"says Veldhorst.
Those quantum circuits will be similar in many ways to the circuits we use of traditional computers，so they can be scaled up relatively easily（10）（compare） with other kinds of quantum computers，he says.組卷：9引用：1難度：0.4
Directions：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereis onewordmorethanyouneed.
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2．
Wildfires rage as China's Chongqing suffers unrelenting record heat waveA.swept B.previously C.related D.surging E.contaminate F.contain
G.hit H.dimming Ⅰ.commercially J.elevated K.extremely
From：CNN August 23，2022 Thousands of emergency responders are battling to（1）fast- spreading wildfires in China's southwestern city of Chongqing amid a weeks-long，record heat wave in the region.
The fires，which have been visible at night from parts of the downtown area，have（2）forests and mountains around the mega city in recent days.On social media，residents in downtown Chongqing complained of smelling smoke inside their apartments，while others posted pictures of burning embers from the fires reaching their balconies.
Municipal authorities have not yet reported any casualties and said the fires are being kept under control，according to an update on Tuesday morning.More than 1，500 residents have been（3）to safe zones，while 5，000 firefighters，police，local officers and volunteers，and seen firefighting helicopters have been dispatched to help combat the blazes，state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
The fires in Chongqing were the result of" spontaneous combustion" mainly caused by（4）high temperatures，Bai Ye，a professor at China's Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Research Center told state-run Beijing Daily.
The wildfires are another knock-on effect of a crippling heat wave-China's worst since 1961-that has swept through southwestern，central and eastern parts of the country in recent weeks，with temperatures crossing 40 degrees Celsius（104 degrees Fahrenheit） in more than 100 cities.
They are also part of a global trend of wildfires that have ravaged areas from Australia to Califomia，with scientists saying（5）global temperatures due to human- driven climate change increase the risk of these events.
China's heat wave has also brought（6）demand for air conditioning and reductions in hydropower capacity due to drought conditions that have（7）the country's（8）critical Yangtze River and connected waterways.
Earlier this week，Sichuan province，neighboring Chongqing，extended temporary power outages at factories in 19 of the region's21 cities.The power cuts will now run until at least Thursday，in a move the local government says will ensure residential power supplies.Last week，the province's capital city Chengdu began（9）lights in subway stations in a bid to save electricity.Chongqing enacted an order for factories to suspend operations for seven days starting last Wednesday，according to state media.
On Tuesday morning，China issued a red alert heat warning，the highest of four color-coded levels，to at least 165 cities and counties across the country.Chinese authorities have（10）said more than 900 million people across the country have been affected by the heat wave this summer.組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage，therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineach blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
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3．Mind-reading AI turns thoughts into words using a brain implant An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences，at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words.The system may bring us a step closer to（1）
speech to people who have lost the ability because of paralysis.
Joseph Makin at the University of California，San Francisco，and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms to study the brain（2）of four women as they spoke.The women，who all have epilepsy，already had electrodes attached to their brains to（3）seizures.Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of sentences as the team measured brain activity.The largest group of sentences（4）250 unique words.
The team fed this brain activity to a neural network algorithm，training it to identify regularly（5）patterns that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech，such as vowels or consonants.These patterns were then fed to a second neural network，which tried to turn them into words to（6）a sentence.
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice，and the final repetition didn't form part of the training data，（7）the researchers to test the system.Each time a person speaks the same sentence，the brain activity associated will be similar but not identical."Memorising the brain activity of the these sentences wouldn't help，so the network instead has to learn what's similar about them so that it can generalise to this final example，"says Makin.Across the four women，the AI's best（8）was an average translation error rate of 3 per cent.
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it easier for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others.For example，the AI was able to decode that the word"Turner"was always likely to follow the word"Tina"in this set of sentences，from brain（9）alone.
The team tried decoding the brain signal data into（10）words at time，rather than whole sentences，but this increased the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance."So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together，and not just which neural activity（11）to which words，" says Makin.This will make it hard to（12）the system to a larger vocabulary because each new word increases the number of possible sentences，reducing（13）.
Making says 250 words could still be useful for people who can't talk."We want to deploy this in a patient with an actual speech disability，"he says，although it is possible their brain activity may be different from that of the women in this study，making this more（14）.
Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively." You probably know around 250，000 words，so it's still an incredibly（15）set of speech that they're using."she says.（1） A．inspecting B．restoring C．a(chǎn)dmiring D．inspiring （2） A．emotion B．a(chǎn)ttractiveness C．a(chǎn)wareness D．signals （3） A．monitor B．master C．control D．expect （4） A．concluded B．excluded C．contained D．increased （5） A．extended B．occurring C．ignored D．concerned （6） A．form B．handle C．hand D．force （7） A．issuing B．producing C．a(chǎn)llowing D．a(chǎn)cquiring （8） A．behavior B．comment C．preparation D．performance （9） A．possibility B．a(chǎn)ctivity C．capacity D．responsibility （10） A．individual B．financial C．social D．technical （11） A．serves B．finishes C．maps D．competes （12） A．switch up B．put up C．rise up D．scale up （13） A．privacy B．a(chǎn)ccuracy C．currency D．fluency （14） A．critical B．specific C．proper D．difficult （15） A．committed B．oppressed C．restricted D．dominated 組卷：7引用：1難度：0.5
SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.For eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiven inthepassageyouhavejustread.
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4．Of all the components of a good night's sleep，dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams，a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago，F(xiàn)reud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears；by the late 1970s，neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just"mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat，regulating goods while the brain is"off line."And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control，to help us sleep and feel better."It's your dream，"says Rosalind Cartwright，chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center，"if you don't like it，change it."
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night，progressing toward happier ones before awakening，suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until，it appears，we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken，identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead；the next time it occurs，try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to，literally，do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day，there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep up from sleeping or"we wake up in panic，"Cartwright says.Terrorism，economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us，the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
（1）By saying that" dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat."（ Para.1）the researchers mean that.
A．we can think logically in the dreams too
B．dreams can be brought under conscious control
C．dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D．dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
（2）What did Cartwright find in her clinic？
A．Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B．Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C．One's dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D．People having negative feelings dream more often.
（3）That author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should.
A．learn to control his dreams
B．consult a doctor
C．sleep and dream on it
D．get rid of anxiety first組卷：5引用：1難度：0.6
V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.
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12．這些創(chuàng)意、暖心的視頻讓我們明白：即使病毒的爆發(fā)要求我們隔離，我們?nèi)匀挥幸环N惺惺相惜的感覺。（reminder）
組卷：6引用：1難度：0.9
VI.GuidedWritingDirections：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.
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13．假設(shè)你是李華，你要競選學(xué)校模擬聯(lián)合國社團(tuán)主席，請寫一篇競選演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：
1.你認(rèn)為自己具備什么條件；
2.如果當(dāng)選，你會為大家做什么。組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5