2019-2020學(xué)年山東省高三（下）開學(xué)英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
第一部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題2. 5分，滿分37. 5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)．
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1．Some of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science．Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than men's contributions．Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organized in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made．Marie Curie （1867-1934）
Famous For：Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields：Physics and Chemistry．She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped with the creation of X-rays．
Jane Goodall （1934）
Famous For：Primate （靈長類）studies
Jane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates．She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social lives of these animals in Tanzania．
Rita Levi-Montalcini （1909-2012）
Famous For：Nerve growth studies
Rita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist （神經(jīng)病學(xué)家）who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor （NGF）．She was the first Nobel prize winner to live past her 100th birthday．
Lise Meitner （1878-1968）
Famous For：Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission （裂變）．One of her colleagues，Otto Hahn，was given the Noble Prize for this work．That Meitner didn't get the award is considered to be a huge error by the Nobel committee．
（1）Who is still contributing to the world？
A．Marie Curie．
B．Jane Goodall．
C．Rita Levi-Montalcini．
D．Lise Meitner．
（2）What did Rita Levi-Montalcini reseach on？
A．Nerve growth．
B．The wildlife．
C．Nuclear explosion．
D．Radioactivity．
（3）What do we know about Lise Meitner？
A．She was awarded the Nobel Prize．
B．She made a big mistake in her work．
C．She did lots of studies about nerve growth．
D．She made great contributions to nuclear physics．組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5 -
2．Knowing more about science than the average middle student，Caroline Crouchley，13 ，of Garden City is a finalist in the 2019 3 M Young Scientist Challenge．The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video tracing a unique solution to an everyday problem．Crouchley is one of 10 finalists chosen out of thousands of students this year．
After watching her brother enter the competition several years ago，Crouchley，who has always loved science，couldn't wait for her turn．In May，she submitted a two-minute video about her idea to the organizer to create growing methods of public transportation．When she found out she was a finalist in June，she couldn't believe it．
Crouchley's project was inspired by the construction she sees every day outside her window in Garden City，as well as the Long Island Railroad's recent expansion．She noticed transportation causes pollution in her community，and she was determined to find a way to stop it．
"Maybe one day，we can have better technology and find a way to help the environment，" Crouchley said．In her video，Crouchley explains that the use of fossil fuels let out by public transportation is a major cause of environmental problems．She believes technology that reduces the need for a diesel （柴油）engine or an electric motor is the solution．To show her idea in action，she designed a new type of train．
Crouchley created a computerized system design model for her train using an engineering program called Autodesk Inventor．She brought the train to life using a 3 D printer，magnets （磁鐵）and a solar-powered air compressor （壓縮機(jī)）．Crouchley said it took a long time to develop her ideas and make the video．She had to work under deadlines，too，which she said was stressful．
（1）What's the competition about？
A．Solving daily problems．
B．Knowing about science．
C．Meeting personal curiosity．
D．Answering the question on science．
（2）Which can replace the underlined word "tracing" in paragraph 1？
A．a(chǎn)rresting
B．overcoming
C．describing
D．a(chǎn)ccumulating
（3）What's the purpose of Crouchley's project？
A．To help protect the environment．
B．To invent a new kind of transportation．
C．To inspire teenagers to struggle for their dreams．
D．To find a solution to avoid using transportation．
（4）Which of the following best describes Crouchley？
A．Energetic．
B．Creative．
C．Humorous．
D．Demanding．組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．You might easily gain access to fresh fruit and vegetables，but this isn't the case in some parts of America．The U．S．has many areas that are considered as food deserts，which are defined as parts of the country short of fresh fruit，vegetables and other healthy food，usually found in poor areas．
Food deserts are urban areas where the nearest grocery store is more than 1 mile away，and rural areas where the nearest grocery store is more than 10 miles away．According to the USDA，19 mil-lion Americans-or 6.2% of the population-live in places that can be considered as food deserts．
The issue isn't necessarily about the difference in cost between healthy and unhealthy foods in these areas but it's about a lack of access to healthy choices at all．And，with the lack of healthy food choices，these areas typically have a large supply of unhealthy foods sold at fast-food companies and convenience stores．
Eating unhealthy foods can lead to overweight，which puts people at risk for all kinds of major health issues，including high blood pressure，heart disease，and some cancers．
But some people，especially those who cannot afford a car，are stuck with eating what's readily available．In the case of food deserts，it's usually the type of food that can lead to over- weight．Studies have shown that this is likely to be a problem in low-income areas．When money is not enough，people tend to buy foods that last longer and remove food waste，which is a waste of their limited income．
Lack of access is only one part of the problem，however．A study published in 2018 found that food inequality wasn't removed．The bigger issue was likely the lack of education and nutritional knowledge in these communities，which prevents people with lower incomes from understanding the benefits of healthy eating．
While overweight is a significant issue in these communities，the cost of unhealthy eating isn't just physical．A study found that 71 billion dollars in healthcare costs due to chronic diseases could be saved through healthier eating．
（1）What can we infer from the first two paragraphs？
A．6.2% of the Americans live in poor areas．
B．Some parts of the USA lack fresh vegetables．
C．Some people in America don't need fresh fruit．
D．People in the food deserts buy fresh vegetables easily．
（2）Why can fast-food companies sell large amounts of unhealthy food in the food deserts？
A．These areas are rich in unhealthy food materials．
B．Fast-food companies want to make a larger profit．
C．Healthy food choices are unavailable in these areas．
D．People in these areas prefer unhealthy food to healthy food．
（3）What do studies say about people in low-income areas？
A．They are less likely to have overweight problems．
B．They are delighted to prepare food for themselves．
C．They have to buy food that can be preserved longer．
D．They are used to eating food donated by food companies．
（4）What stops people from understanding healthy eating benefits in the food deserts？
A．Lack of government financial support．
B．Lack of knowledge of disease prevention．
C．Lack of social promotion of healthy eating．
D．Lack of education and knowledge in nutrition．組卷：10引用：1難度：0.3
第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
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8．假定你是李華，你校準(zhǔn)備面向在華外籍高中生舉辦主題為"中文的魅力"的演講比賽．請你給在你市國際學(xué)校就讀的好友William發(fā)一封電子郵件，告知此事，并鼓勵他參賽，內(nèi)容包括：
1．介紹比賽相關(guān)內(nèi)容（時間、地點(diǎn)、參加者等）；
2．比賽的要求（用中文演講，時間不超過5分鐘，內(nèi)容積極向上）．
注意：
1．詞數(shù)80左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫．組卷：10引用：1難度：0.7
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
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9．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文．續(xù)寫 的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右．
I had never been more anxious in my life． I had just spent the last three endless hours trying to get to the airport so that I could travel home． Now， as I watched the bus driver set my luggage on the airport sidewalk， I realized that my anxiety had only just begun．
This was my first visit alone to the international terminal of the airport， and nothing was familiar． I couldn't make sense of any of the signs． Where was the check-in counter？ Where should I take my luggage？ I had no idea where to go， feeling as if I were deaf and blind and stupid． I began to panic． What time was it？ Where was my plane？ I had to find help because I couldn't be late!
I tried to ask a passing businessman for help， but my words all came out wrong． He just frowned and walked away． What had happened？ I had been in this country for a whole semester， and I couldn't even remember how to ask for directions． This was awful! Another bus arrived at the terminal， and the passengers came out carrying all sorts of luggage． Here was my chance! I could follow them to the right place， and I would not have to say a word．
I dragged my enormous suitcase behind me and followed the group． We finally reached the elevators． Oh， no! They all fit in it， but there was not enough room for me． I watched in despair as the elevator doors closed． I was abandoned again! I had no idea what to do next． I got on the elevator when it returned and stared at all the buttons． Which one could it be？ I pressed button 3， because I thought I saw those passengers pressed 3， though it was no more than a quick glance． The elevator slowly climbed up to the third floor and came to a stop． There were no check-in counters! I looked around shyly， only to find an elderly man standing at the corner． He was an airport employee．組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5