2022-2023學(xué)年上海市奉賢區(qū)致遠(yuǎn)高級中學(xué)高二（上）月考英語試卷

I.Phrases（2*5=10’）

• 1．被錄取上大學(xué)
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

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• 2．專心致志于……
  組卷：10引用：6難度：0.9

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• 3．把A應(yīng)用于B
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

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• 4．不禁大笑起來。（burst v.）
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

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V. Reading

• 11．Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical breakthroughs．Many people were dying to know the secrets to his fantastic achievements．To unveil the mystery，a newspaper reporter interviewed him asking why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person．What set him so far apart from others？
  Having assumed to hear wordings like innate curiosity for science or hard work，the reporter was surprised to have him respond that，in his opinion，it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about four years old．He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell，spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor-a real sea of milk!
  When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him，giving him a lecture or chastising him，she said，"Steve，what a great and wonderful mess you have made!I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk．Well，the damage has already been done．Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？"
  Indeed，he did．After a few minutes，his mother said，"You know，Steve，whenever you make a mess like this，eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order．So，how would you like to do that？We could use a sponge，a towel or a mop．Which do you prefer？"He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk．
  His mother then said，"You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands．Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it．"The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands，he could carry it without dropping it．What a wonderful lesson!
  This renowned scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes．Instead，he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new，which is，after all，what scientific experiments are all about．Even if the experiment'doesn't work，'we usually learn something valuable from it．
  Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Steve's mother responded to him？
  
  （1）According to the passage，a newspaper interviewed Stephen Glenn in order to

  ．
  A．persuade him to treat some dying patients
  B．find out his differences with ordinary people
  C．hear about his opinions about medical science
  D．know about why he was so successful
  （2）According to the passage，the underlined word'chastise'is closest in meaning to

  ．
  A．pursuing
  B．punishing
  C．praising
  D．educating
  （3）According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true？

  
  A．Steve spilled the milk bottle to make a milk sea on purpose．
  B．Steve's mother allowed him to play some time with the spilled milk．
  C．Steve's mother let him choose the tool himself to clean up the milk
  D．Steve's mother led him to try out ways to tightly hold the milk bottle．
  （4）What ordinary mothers can learn from Steve's mother is that

  ．
  A．never put milk bottle where little kids can get hold of
  B．a(chǎn)ppreciation of kids' behaviours is important to their growth
  C．mothers should teach kids to learn from their own mistakes
  D．kids should learn to become scientists from childhood．
  組卷：8引用：3難度：0.5

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• 12．Once upon a time，staying a healthy weight was easy.To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics--spend more than you earned.Unfortunately for many，but perhaps not surprisingly，it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.
     To stay a healthy weight，you need a hormone （荷爾蒙） called leptin to work properly.It sends "I'm full"messages from the fat cells up to the brain，where they go，among other places，to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine.Fat people produce plenty of leptin，but the brain doesn't seem to respond to it properly.Last year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits（線路）were underactive.They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.
     There's a lot of evidence for the fact that most，if not all，of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos，but anything beyond that is a real struggle.Making changes is hard，particularly if your body is working against you.So why not reject the traditional approaches and try some new methods，based on the latest research，that work with your body rather than against it.
     Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next，they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet.The same goes for humans，according to Dr James Johnson.
     How does it work？Besides forcing the body to burn fat，it may also cause hormonal changes.Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to，but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.
     Older dieters may remember something called brown fat.Unlike the undesirable white stuff；this was a dieter's dream.Instead of storing excess energy as fat，brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm--at least in mice.Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn't find much in humans but now，thanks to the New England journal of Medicine，it's back in fashion.The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures.They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.
  
  （1）According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute，

  .
  A．overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amount
  B．overweight people enjoy eating more than the others do
  C．people will become overweight if they eat more than they need
  D．people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin
  （2）The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as "

  ".
  A．no diet at all
  B．diet on a daily basis
  C．diet every other day
  D．diet permanently
  （3）The word "grinding" in the Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to

  .
  A．effective
  B．realistic
  C．unreliable
  D．miserable
  （4）The author's purpose in writing is to

  .
  A．compare the various ways of cutting calories
  B．recommend the new methods of losing weight
  C．point out the misconceptions of losing weight
  D．clarify the common myth about weight loss
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

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