2022-2023學(xué)年上海中學(xué)高三（上）模擬英語試卷

Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．A Close Shave Kaziranga National Park in India is home to two of the world's most endangered species：the tiger and the single-homed rhino.Photographer Steve Winter and writer Douglas Chadwick had only been working there a few days when they had very close shave with some rhinos.
      They （1）

  （drive） into the park to start filming when their guide stopped the jeep to move a turtle from the middle of the road just ahead of them.Winter，Chadwick，and their guard got out to stretch their legs and watch.But when Chadwick turned to look up the road，he saw （2）

  terrible：a rhino charging at them!
      （3）

  rhinos can run more than 25 miles an hour，there was no time to leap back in the car Instinctively，the guard fired a shot into the ground just in front of the rhino.The crack of the gun and the dirt that the bullet kicked up was enough（4）

  （distract） their attacker and it steered off into the grass seconds before reaching them.
      （5）

  （relieve） the incident had not been worse，they drove on.As they were entering the forest area，three young rhinos entered the road in front of jye.aim.The jeep stopped hurriedly，but this time the animals seemed uninterested and disappeared （6）

  the forest.Just then，however，the mother of the three， （7）

  had been keeping an eye on her young，came crashing through the trees.No time to shoot this time.The female rhino slammed into the side of the jeep and started to wrestle it off the road.Indian rhinos don't use their horns in a fight；instead they bite and this female's teeth were deep into the side of the jeep.
      The guide had laid down a rule for his guests at Kaziranga：no one（8）

  （allow）scared.But his guests were breaking the rule，praying the driver could get them out of there.With the engine（9）

  （scream），at last the vehicle started to move.Even then the rhino came after them and it was only 500 feet later（10）

  she gave up the chase.
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.adopted B.approaching C.demonstration D.expansion E.featured F.focus G.forecasted H.maintained I.nonrenewable J.optimistic.K.surviving

  Earth Day Turns 50 About 20 million Americans turned out for the first Earth Day on April 22，1970.Lectures and gatherings took place at more than 2，000 college campuses，10，000 elementary and high schools，and thousands of other places across the country.Forty-two states（1）

  resolutions supporting Earth Day.It is sometimes described as，up to that time，the largest public（2）

  in history.
     The lectures and literature surrounding the event（3）

  lots of depressing predictions about the future，which could be found in the book The Environmental Handbook.Its cover noted that it had been "prepared for the first national environmental teach-in." Commissioned（委托） by the group Friends of the Earth，the book talked about the threats of rising population and exhaustion of（4）

  resources- Many of its contributors—let's call them the Catastrophists―warned that even such actions as halving the number of human beings and stopping economic growth completely might not be enough to prevent the（5）

  ecological disasters.
     A different group of researchers（6）

  that while economic growth and technological progress had created some ecological problems，these things also would be a source of solutions.Let's call these folks the Promejye.aians.The economist Theodore Schultz argued in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 1972 that the（7）

  of modern agriculture would free up more land for nature.Other advocates of this more（8）

  outlook included the oceanographer Cy Adler，the economist Christopher Freeman，and Nature editor emeritus John Maddox，author of the 1972 book The Doomsday Syndrome.
     Today，the Earth Day Network hopes a billion people across the world will participate in Earth Day 2020，where the 50th anniversary（9）

  will be on man-made climate change.Living as we do in the future that the Catastrophists and the Prometheans （災(zāi)變論者與開創(chuàng)者）（10）

  ，now is a great time to look back at the claims made five decades ago.
  組卷：9引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．With billions of stars in our galaxy （銀河系），many circled by planets，the chances are there should be advanced life capable of reaching out to us.Yet after decades of looking and listening，we have found（1）

  .
     This apparent conflict is known as Fermi's paradox- Some have used it to argue that the search for extraterrestrial（外星球的）intelligence （SETI） is sure to（2）

  .
     But a mathematical analysis of SETI searches done so far claims that the usual explanation for the paradox— that there is nobody out there—is（3）

  .Instead，it suggests the best explanation is simply that we have barely scratched the surface in our（4）

  for extraterrestrial intelligence.
     Jason Wright at Pennsylvania State University and his colleagues analysed the many variables involved in SETI，which involves searching for radio signals from other（5）

  .These include what to look for，where to look，how often and for how long.They then devised an equation that computes the（6）

  of the galaxy checked so far.The team says that the volume of the galaxy that has been checked by SETI so far is roughly（7）

  to just a single bathtub of water in the world's oceans.
     "You don't have to do a calculation to say we've only just（8）

  ，" says Duncan Forgan at the University of St Andrews，UK，who is a member of the UK SETI research network. "But they've done a nice job of showing the huge scale of the problem（9）

  ."
     As well as putting SETI in context，the equation can help researchers see which search techniques have been used less than others.（10）

  ，we only developed the technology to listen for higher radio frequencies quite recently. "But we're getting better at that，so that variable will now shrink，" says Forgan.
     However，advances in（11）

  will only take us so far.Certain variables，such as how often a message from space might be repeated，cannot be（12）

  .A signal sent once a year can only be listened out for once a year. "There are things we can do better and things we can't，" says Forgan. "We just have to（13）

  and wait for the universe to do its thing."
     Forgan has a book coming out that discusses 66 potential（14）

  for Fermi's paradox.They include the possibility that Earth is somehow unusual in its ability to harbour intelligent life or that technological civilisations are rare.Or perhaps they are（15）

  but short-lived. "Genetic or nuclear disasters might wipe you out，" says Forgan.
  
  

  （1）	A．nothing	B．something	C．a(chǎn)nything	D．everything
  （2）	A．a(chǎn)rrive	B．join	C．fail	D．improve
  （3）	A．possible	B．simple	C．relative	D．false
  （4）	A．hunt	B．love	C．service	D．region
  （5）	A．individuals	B．civilisations	C．surroundings	D．organisations
  （6）	A．source	B．centre	C．edge	D．part
  （7）	A．subject	B．equivalent	C．a(chǎn)vailable	D．committed
  （8）	A．remembered	B．mentioned	C．described	D．started
  （9）	A．progressively	B．mathematically	C．synthetically	D．occasionally
  （10）	A．For example	B．What's more	C．In summary	D．By comparison
  （11）	A．technology	B．computation	C．radioactivity	D．a(chǎn)stronomy
  （12）	A．measured	B．challenged	C．changed	D．interpreted
  （13）	A．set off	B．sit back	C．put up	D．take down
  （14）	A．demands	B．benefits	C．explanations	D．a(chǎn)pplications
  （15）	A．weird	B．boring	C．exciting	D．common
  組卷：17引用：1難度：0.2

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Lidar，short for "light detection and ranging"，involves directing a rapid series of laser pulses- between 100，000 and 400，000 per second—at the ground from an airplane or a drone.Software captures the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and combines it with GPS and other data to produce a precise three-dimensional（三維的）map of the landscape below.These high-tech explorations have revealed long-buried Mayan cities，including Tikal，in the dense jungle of Guatemala，and Caracol，in Belize.
     In recent years，lidar exposed an ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco.The discovery of this long-lost Mexican city is especially significant.Built by the Purepecha，who were enemies of the Aztecs，Angamuco was a major civilization in the early 16th century，before Europeans arrived.
     "To think that this massive city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing，" says Chris Fisher，an archaeologist（考古學(xué)家）at Colorado State University who led the exploration.
     The city extended over ten square miles before it was covered by a lava（巖漿）flow. "That is a huge area with a lot of people，" says Fisher. "You are talking about 40，000 building foundations，which is [about] the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan."
     Archaeologists were surprised when they saw Angamuco's city plan.The Purepecha's monuments were largely concentrated in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.Why this almost Los Angeles-type sprawl（隨意）？Historians want to know the answer to that too.
     The revelation of Angamuco is an example of the power and promise of lidar.Archaeologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and initially attempted to explore it using a traditional "boots on the ground" approach.But the team soon realized that with the rugged terrain（畸嶇的地形），it would take at least a decade to outline the entire metropolis.
     In 2011，they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles，revealing some astonishing features，from pyramids and temples to road systems，garden areas，and even ball courts.This gave them the "map" they needed to know where to explore further.So far，F(xiàn)isher and his team have verified more than 7，000 architectural features over a 1.5-square-mile area，with digging undertaken at seven locations.
     All told，researchers now believe that more than 100，000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350.That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time―or at least the biggest city we know about so far
     "Everywhere you point the lidar instrument，you find new stuff，" says Fisher. "Right now，every textbook has to be rewritten，and two years from now，they're going to have to be rewritten again."
  
  （1）Which of the following statements is true of Angamuco？

  
  A．It was constructed by Aztecs.
  B．It is a major civilization of Mexico.
  C．It was destroyed in the early 16th century.
  D．It came into existence before Europeans arrived.
  （2）What has helped archaeologists find that Angamuco is a large area with a large population？

  
  A．Its long history.
  B．Its being unknown for long.
  C．The number of building foundations in it.
  D．The competition between Aztecs and it.
  （3）Which of the following is still a mystery to historians？

  
  A．The reason for Angamuco's city plan.
  B．The reason why Angamuco disappeared.
  C．The role Angamuco played in history.
  D．The role Angamuco played in archeology.
  （4）What does the revelation of Angamuco illustrate？

  
  A．Mexican history is worth exploring.
  B．Lidar is a useful tool for archeologists.
  C．Maps are important in exploring historical sites.
  D．More time needs to be devoted to studying Angamuco.
  組卷：7引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．發(fā)展經(jīng)濟不能忽略生態(tài)環(huán)境，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護也不能舍棄經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。（nor）（漢譯英）
  組卷：4引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

Guided WritingDirections： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

• 13．假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，最近你所在社區(qū)的圖書館正在招募志愿者，暑期來圖書館服務(wù)，負責(zé)接待來館借閱的外籍人士。你有意報名，寫一封申請信給圖書館，內(nèi)容須包括：
  1）你的意愿；
  2）你認為自己適合這一志愿者工作的理由。
  組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5

  解析