外研版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊《Unit 5 Revealing nature》2021年單元測試卷（1）
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
一、選擇題。閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
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1．The Mystery of Why Sunflowers Turn to Follow the Sun—Solved Scientists have answered a burning question central to sunflowers：Why do young flowers always face the sun over the course of a day？
And also：Once sunflowers become full-grown，why do they stop tracking the sun and only face east？
In a newly-published article，researchers claim that a young plant's sun-tracking （also called heliotropism）can be explained by circadian rhythms—the behavioural changes tied to an internal clock that humans also have，which generally follows a 24-hour cycle.
"Growth rates on the east side were high during the day and very low at night，whereas growth rates on the west side were low during the day and higher at night，" the journal article says.
The researchers tied plants up so they couldn't move or turned them away from the sun—and they found those flowers eventually had "fewer organic materials and less leaf area" than flowers that could move with the sun.
Full-grown sunflowers respond differently to the sun.According to the article，"As overall growth slows down，the circadian clock ensures that the plant reacts more strongly to light early in the morning than in the afternoon or evening，so it gradually stops moving westward during the day."
The researchers compared full-grown flowers facing east with those they turned to face west，and found that east-facing flowers attracted five times as many helpful pollinators.That's because the east-facing flowers heat up faster and bees like warm flowers.
"Just like people，plants depend on the daily rhythms of day and night to function，" Anne Sylvester，director of the National Science Foundation's Plant Genome（基因組） Research Programme said in a press release. "Sunflowers，like solar panels，follow the sun from east to west.These researchers explore information in the sunflower genome to understand how and why sunflowers track the sun."
UC Berkeley professor and co-author of the study，Benjamin Blackman，believes that the connection between circadian rhythms and growth could be applicable to other researches. "The more general point，that one of the circadian clock's adaptive functions is to regulate the timing and strength of growth responses to environmental signals，is one that I think will apply to a broad range of qualities and species，" he said.
（1）What did the researchers discover when they tied the sunflowers up？
A．They still tracked and faced towards the sun.
B．They grew faster during the daytime than they did at night.
C．Their growth rates were lower than those of flowers facing the sun.
D．The growth rates on the west side were higher than those on the east.
（2）Why do sunflowers move westward less when they are fully-grown？
A．Because they will not be affected by light anymore.
B．Because they would stop growing up if they faced west.
C．Because they are not active at all during afternoons or evenings.
D．Because they are more sensitive to light in the early morning from the east.
（3）What may the underlined word "pollinators" （Para.7）refer to？
A．Bees.
B．Plants.
C．Energy.
D．Researchers.
（4）What is the possible direction of future study，according to Benjamin Blackman？
A．Exploring information in the sunflower genome.
B．Comparing human's circadian rhythms with sunflowers'.
C．Comparing full-grown flowers facing east with those facing west.
D．Exploring how circadian rhythms affect the growth of other species.組卷：19引用：1難度：0.3
二、選擇題。閱讀下面的短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
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2．The Lion King vs Real Lions The lions in Disney's live-action remake of The Lion King may look realistic，but if you examine them carefully，you will find that they differ from real lions in many ways.（1）
The changes include the way they look，their social structure，and their behaviour in the 1994 animated film and the live-action remake.
（2）Let's take a closer look at some key aspects of lions' behaviour，coupling patterns，and eating habits to see how different the Disney live-action remake is from real life.
A pride of lions（獅群）is a very closely-connected community，with female lions taking the leading role.（3）It comes down to a matter of genetic diversity and the need to ensure healthy bloodlines among the species.With female lions rarely leaving the pride，male lions will frequently travel，produce young，and move on.
A pride is unique in that it is a very closely-connected social group，so it requires a lot of interactions to keep everyone on the same page.（4）Not only are they raising lion cubs（幼崽），socializing with other lions，and hunting，but they are also in charge of overseeing the space they occupy.If a particular pride gets too big，it's the female lions who will find a new territory for the group to settle in where everyone can live well.
In The Lion King，Simba not only makes friends with Timon，a meerkat，and Pumbaa，a warthog，but he is raised by them. （5）So the idea that Timon and Pumbaa are able to redirect his meat-eating tastes into eating insects and plants would never be realised in real life.
A.With male lions coming and going，female lions are the ones who manage things at home.
B.Male lions are not expected to stay in the same pride through their entire lives.
C.Does the film show the real lives of lions？
D.It is obvious that Disney made some changes to the lions to better fit the story.
E.But lions are considered to physically grow up during the ages of two to four.
F.However，in real life，lions are meat-eaters by nature.
G.Male lions have to stay in the territory they've grown up in.組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5
二、翻譯題。使用括號中所給的提示將下列句子翻譯成英文。
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7．連日的大雨嚇退了想去沙灘的游客們。（drive away）
組卷：3引用：2難度：0.6 -
8．地質(zhì)學(xué)家們收集了各種各樣的樣本來做研究。（a variety of）
組卷：3引用：1難度：0.7