2022年江蘇省南京市高考英語訓(xùn)練試卷（一）
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題： 每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
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1．When first-time visitors imagine California，one of the first things that come to mind is likely the beach.California offers hundreds of beaches to choose from.To help visitors decide which coast to travel to，we have listed four beach towns California offers.
Laguna
One glance at Laguna Beach can leave the viewers amazed at its beauty.Yet there is more to it than its good looks.Laguna features more than 100 art galleries and studios，which won't let viewers down.Summer is Laguna's peak travel season when the majority of its yearly festivals take place.Winter will likely bring discounts，but you won't be able to swim at the beach.
Monterey
What Monterey lacks in swimmable shorelines it makes up for in breathtaking scenery.Monterey State beach is an underrated attraction，offering 4 miles of quiet beach，where you'll find relatively few beachgoers.Monterey's central California location subjects it to mild temperatures during the winter，making Monterey an attractive destination year-round.
Pismo
This small beach town offers little to do other than beach activities，but that isn't necessarily a bad thing.It offers outdoor activities throughout the year，including surfing，kayaking，surf fishing and swimming.Don't forget to see butterflies at Pismo Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove if you're in town between late October and late February.The best time to visit is during the fall，which offers warm temperatures.
Pfeiffer
As an ideal place for photographers，Pfeiffer Beach impresses with its awesome surrounding cliffs and collection of rock formations.Keep in mind，though，that the beach is not safe for swimming due to its strong currents and underlying rocks.The best time to visit is from September through November when the summer tourists have returned home.
（1）What distinguishes Laguna from the other three beach towns？
A．Its various fun beach activities.
B．Its plentiful galleries and studios.
C．Its relatively less crowded beach.
D．Its splendid and awesome scenery.
（2）For swimming lovers，which beach town is a good choice all year round？
A．Laguna.
B．Monterey.
C．Pismo.
D．Pfeiffer.
（3）Where can the text be found？
A．In a travel brochure.
B．In a Geography textbook.
C．In a visitor's journal.
D．In a photography magazine.組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5 -
2．Jose Alberto Gutierrez's life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina in the trash（垃圾） 20 years ago.It happened while he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighbourhoods and seeing books abandoned by the rich.It ignited his desire to start rescuing books from the trash.Eventually，he turned his book collection into a community library.
In Colombia's capital city of Bogota，libraries tend to be far away from poorer communities.The option of buying new books is non-existent for poor families and having access to a library of books is a luxury.Gutierrez grew up poor，and his family could not afford to educate him beyond primary school.Nevertheless，his mother was a passionate reader and read stories to him every night.Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutierrez，who never let a lack of formal education stop him.
Today，his community library， "The Strength of Words"，occupies most of his home and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles.Everything from school textbooks to storybooks can be found in his collection of over 20，000 books!
The Strength of Words library is open every weekend，and children in Gutierrez's neighbourhood are allowed to look through the book collection.Adults are also welcome to expand their vision and develop new skills for a better life.
Today，the Gutierrez family doesn't merely want to start libraries in neighbourhoods.They want to create more safe spaces for school children to spend their time reading.This is important for kids living in Bogota where many young people waste time in the streets.
Gutierrez's journey to give treasure back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us by identifying needs，investing time and finding a simple solution.How might we take a leaf out of Guticrrez's book？
（1）What does the underlined word "ignited" mean in paragraph 1？
A．Satisfied.
B．Ignored.
C．Excited.
D．Expressed.
（2）What do we know about Gutierrez's library？
A．It aims to recycle and reuse the garbage.
B．It is sponsored by wealthier communities.
C．It is in the charge of his passionate mother.
D．It makes knowledge accessible to poor kids.
（3）What message does the last sentence convey？
A．We should value Gutierrez's spirit of paying back.
B．We can follow Gutierrez's example to help others.
C．We should go to visit Gutierrez's library personally.
D．We can donate deserted books to Gutierrez's library.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．From Trash to Treasure.
B．The Books of Gutierrez.
C．From Home to Community.
D．The Strength of Reading.組卷：11引用：5難度：0.7 -
3．A new gene editing procedure may provide doctors with a potential cure for both anxiety and alcohol use disorders.Researchers say the treatment acts like a "factory reset" for the patient's brain.
Previous studies by the same team found that too much drinking during adolescence changes a person's brain chemistry in the region of the Arc gene，by decreasing Arc expression in the amygdala （杏仁核） affecting how people process emotions.When that occurs，it makes someone more likely to suffer from mental health issues and use alcohol too much during adulthood.
The new study focused on reprogramming such changes to the brain at a genetic level. "It provides evidence that gene editing is a potential antidote（解毒劑） to these effects，offering a kind of factory reset for the brain，if you will，" says Subhash Pandey，study senior author.
Using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-dCas9，the team controlled the acetylation （乙酰化） and methylation （甲基化） processes in the Arc gene of lab rats.These two processes play key roles in whether a gene is more or less likely to be activated within the person or animal.To start，researchers studied adult rats exposed to alcohol when younger.The team measured anxiety levels using behavioral exams and tracked the rats' addiction to alcohol by giving them two bottles to choose from-one with water and the other alcohol.When CRISPR promoted acetylation，rats' Arc gene expression normalized.This also decreased anxiety and lowered the animals' alcohol consumption.In their next experiment，study authors examined some rats without exposure to alcohol when younger.They found that promoting methylation caused Arc expression to decrease，leading to an increase in anxiety and drinking.
"This study not only helps us better understand what happens in brain developing when adolescents are exposed to alcohol but more importantly，gives us hope that one day we will have effective treatments for anxiety and alcohol use disorder，" Pandey reports.
（1）What does "that" refer to in paragraph 2？
A．The consumption of alcohol in adulthood.
B．The decrease of chemistry in the amygdala.
C．The control of emotions in one's adolescence.
D．The change of brain chemistry in Arc gene region.
（2）How does the new study get the results？
A．By using chemical tools.
B．By analyzing brain structures.
C．By referring to previous studies.
D．By doing experiments on animals.
（3）According to Subhash Pandey，.
A．Acetylation may relieve alcohol use disorder
B．Gene editing has a wide use in brain development
C．Gene editing can save patients from chemical poisons
D．Methylation may contribute to the management of emotions
（4）What may be the purpose of the research？
A．To recommend a factory reset.
B．To help treat physical problems.
C．To seek ways to improve mental health.
D．To persuade adolescents not to drink.組卷：7引用：3難度：0.7
第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)， 滿分15分）第一節(jié) （滿分15分）
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8．假定你是李華，你的英國筆友 Paul來信說想學(xué)做一道中國菜。請你給他寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：
1.你的推薦；
2.推薦理由。
注意：
1.詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Paul，
__________________________
Yours，
Li Hua組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5
第二節(jié) （滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
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9．Flora and her dad were going to move to a new house.Friday，a truck would come for the furniture.Then the next week，workers would dig up the yard.Where Flora and Papi had grown flowers，the workers would put in a parking lot.
"Our poor flowers，" Flora sighed to herself，looking at the bright purple blooms and soft and green weed coming out of the soil.She sat outside，selling things she didn't want to take to the new house.Beside her hung a sign that said "Yard Sale".Her yard sale was the first one of the year on Apple Street，and several of her neighbors had come over to have a look.
Papi came out.He held a dish piled high with nuts. "Here's a snack for everyone，" he said.Flora's dad loved sharing things.Most of all he loved sharing jokes.He smiled when he saw Flora's sign and winked （眨眼） at the customers gathered around.
"Yard sale？What are you selling yards of？Or meters of？" he asked. "Ribbons？Carpet？Cloth？Where's your ruler？"
"Not that kind of yard，" joked Mrs.Ciro. "It must be this nice grassy yard we're standing on that's for sale."
"How much for the weed by your sign？" asked Mr.Johnson，joking.
Flora gave no response.She didn't think their jokes were funny.She felt extremely in low spirits at the thought that the lovely yard was already sold，and soon their poor flowers and weed would be ruined." Deader than a doorknob，' Papi's papi would say"，she thought to herself bitterly， "What's worse，the new house doesn't have any flowers at all."
With a sigh，F(xiàn)lora dug her heels deep into the grass.But when she felt the soft earth move under her heels，she knew what she could do.
She whispered her clever plan to Papi.He nodded，smiling，and sat down in her seat instead.注意：
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Flora fetched old flowerpots and found a trowel （園藝鏟）y to dig with._____________________
Now she was ready for selling the yard and joking with customers.________________________組卷：7引用：2難度：0.4