2021年廣東省廣州市高考英語一模試卷

第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

• 1．Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim，but also improves your overall health and well-being.Different exercises produce different results，as they focus on alternate parts of the body.There are four broad exercise categories：endurance，strength，flexibility，and balance.Many people often only focus on one exercise type，but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
  Endurance
     Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate.By doing endurance exercises，you are working to keep your heart，lungs，and blood-flow system healthy while improving your total fitness.Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
  Strength
     If you want to build up your muscles，then strength exercises，which are also known as "resistance training"，are right for you.Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks.Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
  Flexibility
     Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles.This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion，posture，ability to breathe deeply，and blood flow.Also，it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
  Balance
     Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults，helping them stay independent.Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground.Heel-to-toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
  
  （1）How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine？

  
  A．By combining different exercise types together.
  B．By having sufficient rest between their workouts.
  C．By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
  D．By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
  （2）Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person's breathing function？

  
  A．Strength and Balance
  B．Flexibility and Balance
  C．Endurance and Strength
  D．Endurance and Flexibility
  （3）Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance-related exercises？

  
  A．Arms.
  B．Legs.
  C．Waist.
  D．Neck.
  組卷：23引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek，a man of no formal scientific education.In the late 1600s，Leeuwenhoek，inspired by the magnifying lenses（放大鏡）he used to examine cloth，built some of the first microscopes.He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny，rounded lenses，some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens，Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures，which he called "animalcules"".
     His observations，which he reported to the Royal Society of London，are among the first descriptions of microbes（微生物），Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye.He found different microbes in samples of pond water，rain water，and human blood.He gave the first description of red blood cells，observed plant tissue，examined muscle，and investigated the life cycle of insects.
     Nearly two hundred years later，Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his "theory of disease".This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body.Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax，diphtheria，polio，smallpox，tetanus，and typhoid.All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work.Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.
     In a 1716 letter，he described his contribution to science this way："My work，which I've done for a long time，was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy，but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge，which I notice resides in me more than in most other men.And therefore，whenever I found out anything remarkable，I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper，so that the scientific community might be informed thereof."
  
  （1）Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek？

  
  A．A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology
  B．A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbes
  C．A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease
  D．A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery
  （2）The underlined phrase "this legacy" in paragraph 3 refers to

  .
  A．the discovery of microbes
  B．Pasteur's theory of disease
  C．Leeuwenhoek's contribution
  D．the origin of the tiny organism
  （3）What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest？

  
  A．He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.
  B．He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.
  C．He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.
  D．He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.
  （4）What is the correct order for the following events？

  
  a.Magnifying lenses were built.
  b.The "theory of disease" was put forward.
  c.Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
  d.Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.
  e.Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
  A．a(chǎn)-d-c-e-b
  B．d-a-c-e-b
  C．a(chǎn)-c-d-b-e
  D．d-a-e-b-c
  組卷：26引用：2難度：0.4

  解析

• 3．Around 200 B.C，Aristophanes，an ancient Greek librarian，developed a system of marks to break up text to make it easier to read.Before this，words were often written in one long sentence without spaces between the words.Today in many languages -including English-there is a set of rules on how to use full stops，commas and other text marks.However，some believe this is changing.Dr Robert Frost，who studies language，says people no longer use full stops and other punctuation（標(biāo)點）symbols because they feel their messages are clear enough without them.So，is punctuation helpful or just troublesome？
     Yes-punctuation is important
     Punctuation is needed in order to make the meaning of written words clear.If a parent messaged to say，"It's time to eat，children"，this is different from， "It's time to eat children".The second sentence would probably make you want to run in the opposite direction because it sounds as though children were on the menu.The author Jonathan Pierce argues that punctuation can be used to add drama，to break up the sequence of words and change the rhythm of a sentence. "It allows writers to make sentences more interesting so the readers do not get bored，Pierce claims. "Otherwise，the words run into each other and lose their impact. " Besides，learning the different ways punctuation marks can be used is fun.It can add a lot to the style of writing and make it clearer.
     No-we don't need it
      Punctuation.Even，if a sentence is badly punctuated.jye.ai this one：It can still be，understood.This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence，not the symbols between them.Oxford-based linguist Kelly Jones says，"It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning，not the punctuation marks.If there is any doubt in the meaning of the sentence，people are clever enough to work out what the person is really trying to say.For instance，when people speak，they do not use punctuation and yet we can still understand each other."Also，punctuation can be confusing -there are lots of complex rules to observe，and if it is used incorrectly it can cause more problems than if there were none，Punctuation simply isn't needed.
  
  （1）What is the purpose of this passage？

  
  A．To discuss alternative viewpoints.
  B．To support one argument over another.
  C．To evaluate the strength of competing ideas.
  D．To outline historical development of language
  （2）Who believes punctuation is necessary？

  
  A．Robert Frost and Kelly Jones
  B．Aristophanes and Robert Frost
  C．Jonathan Pierce and Kelly Jones
  D．Aristophanes and Jonathan Pierce
  （3）In paragraph 3，the underlined part is used as

  .
  A．a(chǎn) definition
  B．a(chǎn) fact
  C．a(chǎn)n example
  D．a(chǎn)n error
  （4）Which of the following can be a strong argument against Kelly Jones's opinion？

  
  A．Punctuation adds to the effect and richness of a language.
  B．Without punctuation，people would be breathless when speaking.
  C．Pauses and tones in speech serve similar functions to punctuation.
  D．The choice and order of words are important to conveying meaning.
  組卷：32引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

第四部分 寫作 （共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié) （滿分15分）

• 8．假定你是李華，上周你校舉辦了首屆生活技能云端展示活動，主題為"勞動創(chuàng)造美好生活（Work Creates a Better Life）"。請你為校英文報寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：
  1.活動主題；
  2.展示內(nèi)容（烹飪、急救等）；
  3.活動反響。
  注意：
  1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
  2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
  The First Online Life Skills Show___________.
  組卷：29引用：14難度：0.6

  解析

第二節(jié)（滿分25分)

• 9．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
      It took place in a teachers family.One day，Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school，when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf.The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off.What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique，which was handed down through generations from the 18th century.It was also his mother's favourite possession.To cover his terrible action，the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place.
      As the mother herself dusted the vase every day，she naturally noticed the cracks（裂紋）that evening.To her surprise，the repair work was actually very good.At dinner time，she asked her boy if he broke the vase.Fearing punishment，the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried.It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase off its shelf.His mother was quite clear that her son was lying，for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned.However，in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members.Ben's mother remained calm.She realized she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying.She came up with another idea.
      Before going to bed，the boy found a note from his mother in his room，asking him to go to the study at once.The boy thought he would now be punished but，as he had already lied，he was determined to deny everything to the end，no matter how angry his mum became.
      In the study，calmly bathed in the light，his mothers face showed no sign of anger.On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter，she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
  注意：
  1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
  2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
      The mother said，"This chocolate is a reward for your imagination：a window-opening cat!"___________.
      Now with some chocolates in hand，the boy's bad attitude disappeared.___________.
  組卷：27引用：2難度：0.6

  解析