2019-2020學年上海市浦東新區(qū)華東師大二附中高三（上）開學英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
-
1．It's never easy to admit the mistakes you make，but doing so is an important step toward moving forward．
National Geographic magazine recently published an article with the title "For decades，our coverage was racist．To rise above our past，we （1）acknowledge it．" It was written by the magazine's editor-in-chief Susan Goldberg，the first woman and first Jewish person （2）（hold） the position．National Geographic has acknowledged that its coverage of black and minority ethnic people in America and the wider world had been historically racist，frequently promoting caricatures （諷刺畫） of the "noble savage （野蠻人）" and barely （3）（feature） the US's minority ethnic population．
According to Goldberg，the 130-year-old publication's April issue "explores how race defines，separates，and unites us"．In honor of 50 years since the killing of Martin Luther King， （4）is known for fighting racial inequality in the US，the issue is devoted to race．
The population republished a number of examples of historical racism in its coverage．One 1916 article about Australia included a photo of two Indigenous Australians with the caption： "South Australian Black fellows：These savages rank （5）（low） in intelligence of all human beings．"
To review its previous coverage of race，Goldberg asked University of Virginia John Edwin Mason to look back at the magazine's text，choice of subjects，and photograph of people of color from the US and abroad． "Until the 1970s，National Geographic all but ignored people of color who lived in the United States，rarely acknowledging （6）beyond laborers or domestic workers，" Goldberg wrote about Mason's findings． "Meanwhile，it pictured ‘natives' elsewhere （7）exotics，famously and frequently unclothed，happy hunters，noble savages．"
Mason also found that the magazine often ran photos of "uncivilized" natives （8）（amaze） by "civilized" Western technology．
In recent years，however，the magazine has improved．For example，in a 2015 project，National Geographic gave cameras to young people in the Caribbean country of Haiti and asked them to shoot pictures of their everyday lives．
"The coverage wasn't right before （9）it was told from a white American point of view，and I think it speaks to exactly （10）we needed a diversity of storytellers，" Goldberg told the Associated Press．組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
-
2．Nature Therapy We need the tonic of wildness…At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things，we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable，that land and sea be indefinitely wild，unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable．We can never have enough of nature．
-Thoreau One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing （1）from natural settings with increased urbanization．But does this change have a major impact on our mental health？ （2），a remedy for ill health or low spirits，if the means were available，would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city．The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks，camping，outward bound，and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a （3）greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical（經驗主義）（4）that nature does soothe the savage beast．And recently，scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription （處方）for a （5）．
We are now far （6）from the natural world of our ancestors…more than 50% of people live in urban areas （increasing to ＞70% by 2050）increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness，particularly anxiety and depression．Growing up in a setting correlates with a （7）severe stress response，and exposure to greenspace （8）correlates to a positive effect on well-being in a large two-decade study．Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli．A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the （9）of nature and lower levels of depression，anxiety，and stress．There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure，relaxation，and well-being．But how does exposure to green space help us relax and （10），exactly？
Dr．Gregory Bratman's group at Stanford has published a couple of papers following a small group of healthy volunteers told to for a 5 kilometer walk in the San Francisco Bay area．Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an （11）walk with beautiful views of the mountains and the bay．The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street．Later，the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90 minute walk in the same urban vs．more natural setting．They found that the nature walkers had （12）activity in a particular brain region，the subgenual prefrontal cortex．This area of the brain is associated with rumination，or worrying on the same issues over and over，a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders．
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and （13）ideas and worry，exposure to nature seems to get us out of our heads，with likely positive longitudinal benefits．In the hyper-urban world to come，designing accessible，safe （14）may help the mental health of the population，and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must． （15），a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits．（1） A．resistance B．isolation C．interruption D．distance （2） A．Currently B．Generally C．Historically D．Fortunately （3） A．local B．imposing C．fascinating D．standard （4） A．assistance B．evidence C．belief D．approach （5） A．cycling B．swimming C．adventure D．hike （6） A．removed B．rid C．driven D．dropped （7） A．more B．less C．similar D．negative （8） A．dominantly B．lively C．merely D．significantly （9） A．exposure B．link C．availability D．necessity （10） A．tolerate B．unwind C．swing D．resolve （11） A．causal B．earnest C．upright D．scenic （12） A．reduced B．increased C．intensified D．balanced （13） A．turn on B．get over C．draw on D．roll over （14） A．communities B．facilities C．greenspaces D．transportations （15） A．In a word B．For instance C．In the meantime D．In particular 組卷：17引用：1難度：0.3
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
-
3．Orwell's Impact on the World Few writers have had such an impact on the thinking of the modern world as British writer George Orwell（1903-1950）．Orwell wrote many things on a variety of topics，for example，poverty in England in the 1930s during the Great Depression and his experience in the Spanish Civil War（1936-1939）．
But he is most famous for his works of fiction，Animal Farm（1945）and，especially，Nineteen Eighty-Four（1949）．These last books became especially influential in the West in the 1950s during the early Cold War years．
In Nineteen Eighty-Four，Orwell imagined a Britain of the future，modeled on the Soviet union．His chilling tale of Winston Smith，a regular man who comes into conflict with the government，was close to the fears of many people of the time．Ideas from the novel soon entered everyday culture，and are still in use today．"Big Brother"，for example，is a phrase from the book that refers to how authority is always looking over one's shoulder．
Other phrases used in the novel，like "War is Peace" and "Freedom is slavery" are also still used now．Indeed，many people see Orwell's book as warnings about what might happen if those in power become corrupted．
Even today，Orwell remains an influential voice．Often，writers achieve great fame and popularity，but they don't affect how people live their everyday lives．For example，British author JK Rowling is a huge literary success，but people wouldn't say that Harry Potter has affect the way people think about politics．For better or for worse，however，George Orwell has．
It's because of Orwell's influence on popular thinking that UNESCO'S Memory of the World Programme recently decided to include a collection of Orwell's writings on its register．
The Memory of the World register is similar to UNESCO's world heritage site program，which protects places and buildings and natural features in the world．According to its website，the idea behind the body is "that the world's documentary evidence belongs to all" and should be "permanently accessible to all"．
University College London，which proposed the idea to UNESCO，said in its application that Orwell's work "had a great influence on human thought in all parts of the world，an influence that remains potent today"．
（1）What do we know about Orwell？
A．His most famous works were based on his own experience．
B．His books were well-received during the Cold-War．
C．He mainly wrote about imaginative，beautiful worlds．
D．His writings are often compared to those of JK Rowling．
（2）What's the novel Nineteen eight-Four about？
A．The cruelty of war in the 20th century．
B．The serious effects of poverty in England．
C．People's various conflicts with the government．
D．A corrupt UK government of the future．
（3）The phrases from Orwell's books are mentioned in the article mainly to．
A．share some of his classic ideas
B．show how he used language in a creative way
C．stress his ideas are still meaningful today
D．show how he described the dark side of society
（4）Why were Orwell's writings included on the Memory of the Word register？
A．They introduced a new way of writing．
B．They were a huge literary success．
C．They shaped political systems in Western countries．
D．They continue to have a great influence on human thought．組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5 -
4．Discovering a New Way to Read
（1）Which of the following is a feature of the 8th-generation Kindle？Kindle E-reader 8th generation
Free Touchscreen DisplayCustomer Reviews 
The new Kindle is smaller and lighter．TNS
Mr．Damon，May 21，2018
The price is great （with an extra ＄20 off and this new Kindle is even smaller in my hands than my old one．I was sad to lose my old Kindle，but this one is just terrific．*Thin and light for one-handed reading
New Kindle is 11% thinner and 16% lighter than the previous generation Kindle，making it easy and comfortable to hold in one hand．
*Reads like real paper
Kindle creates text similar to what you see in a physical book．The blacks and whites on the screen are uniform，improving text and image quality．
*Long-life battery
Kindle doesn't need power to show a page of text，allowing you to read for weeks on a single charge．
*Thousands of books，no distractions
Kindle is designed to be an e-reader．It satisfies your love of reading without interruptions like emails and phone calls．
*Look it up without leasing your page
Smart Lookup combines entries from The New Oxford American Dictionary with information from Wikipedia，so you can know meanings，characters and more without losing your place．
*Adjust your text size
Choose from eight text sizes to prevent tired eyes，so you can keep reading longer．Ms．Catherine，December 2，2017 
I was going through a book for a school project，saving parts that would help with my paper．
When I was done，I realized that
I could just email my notes as a PDF file．This is life changing for me．I still prefer paper books to e-books，but this saved me hours of work．I am a very happy customer．
Mr Jason，January 26，2018
I miss the original Kindle's size-this one is too small．Also，the screen is overly sensitive and things pop-up and the battery doesn't last as long as the original Kindle．But my biggest disappointment is that this Kindle doesn't allow you to transfer everything from the original Kindle，so I lost all of the information from my old one．Overall，disappointing．
Ms Susan，November 17，2017
I had the original Kindle，and the battery lasted for weeks．This battery only seems to last a few days，however．The other problem I have with this version of the Kindle is the touch screen．It is really annoying when you are reading and start turning the wrong way．Sometime，it's hard to get the page to turn the way you'd like it to．
A．It is 16 percent thinner than the previous one．
B．It can run for several months on a single charge．
C．The blacks and whites on the screen improve the quality of readers' understanding．
D．It is user-friendly with a built-in dictionary．
（2）Ms．Catherine seems to agree that．
A．her Kindle is helpful for her academic work
B．it's not easy to take notes with a Kindle
C．she is satisfied with the price of her Kindle
D．she likes e-books more than paper books
（3）What problem do Mr．Jason and Ms．Susan both have with their new Kindle？
A．The size is too small．
B．There are always messages popping up．
C．It's difficult to use the touch screen．
D．Page turning doesn't work sometimes．組卷：4難度：0.5
V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
-
11．和別的假期活動相比，這次考試旨在敦促學生努力學習，讓其意識到"學習如逆水行舟"．（mean）
組卷：3難度：0.7
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
-
12．Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．
近期，你就影響選擇大學的考慮因素在高三學生中做了調研，結果如圖所示，請結合圖表信息，寫一份調研報告，內容必須包括：
1）說明圖表反應的基本內容，
2）列出你認為相對重要的兩項因素（影響你自己選擇大學的考慮因素）并說明原因．
組卷：9難度：0.6