2022-2023學(xué)年上海市寶山區(qū)高三（上）第一次統(tǒng)考英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/11/8 17:0:2
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
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1．While the practice of mindfulness has become increasingly popular，its roots can be traced back thousands of years to Buddhism （佛教）.One of the people often （1）
（think） to bring mindfulness to the West is Jon Kabat-Zinn，who developed an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program and founded（2）is now the Center for Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1979.Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas about mindfulness with science，making it more accessible to （3）in the West.
Soon，mindfulness made its way into clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues （4）anxiety and depression.A large quantity of studies （5）（focus） on the ability of mindfulness meditation over the past few years.For example，in a 2003 study of cancer patients，increased mindfulness was shown to effectively reduce stress and anxiety.Given the way （6）mindfulness can decrease stress，it comes as no surprise that it can also help deal with emotional problems.
Another study indicates mindfulness may also improve working memory.Jha and colleagues investigated its impact on military participants during a stressful time， （7）stress has been shown to decrease working memory.One group attended an eight-week mindfulness meditation course but the others did not.Working memory decreased in the control group；however，in the mindfulness group，working memory decreased in those who spent the least time on mindfulness meditation but increased in those who spent most of their free time （8）（practise） mindfulness meditation.
Clearly，mindfulness has many benefits，but it's not a cure-all.For example，one study found that following mindfulness meditation，participants were（9）（likely） to form accurate memories.It may even result in severe anxiety for those PTSD （創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙） patients who tend（10）（avoid） thoughts and feelings related to their sad past.組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5
Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
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2．A.aboard B.alarmed C.eventually D.apparently E.houses
F.launching G.leading H.missions I.jye.ai J.jye.ai K.jye.ai
The history of space exploration in China stretches back to 900 A.D.，when innovators in the country pioneered the first simple rockets.The China National Space Administration （CNSA） sent the first Chinese astronaut into space in 2003.Today，China is a（n）（1）player in the worldwide space exploration effort.
In the mid-20th century，China watched as the U.S.jye.ai Soviet Union began their（2）to become the first nation on the moon.Both the U.S.jye.ai the Soviet Union demonstrated progress towards putting weapons into orbit，which naturally（3）China and other countries.In response to these concerns，China began to pursue space travel in the late 1950s.At first，China had a joint cooperation agreement with the Soviet Union and later China began to chart its own path to space， （4）its first rockets in September 1960.
Starting in the late 1960s，China began working on space vehicle capable of carrying humans into space.However，the process was not a（n） （5）one.In 1988，China created the Ministry of Aerospace Industry.After a few years，the ministry was（6）up to establish the China National Space Administration and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
The first Chinese astronaut to travel to space，Yang Liwei，was sent by the CNSA.In 2003，he rode to orbit （7）a Shenzhou 5 capsule on top of a Long March family rocket.The flight was short – just 21 hours long – but it granted China title of the third country to ever send a human into space and safely return them to Earth.
Today，China's space program is aimed at （8）sending astronauts to the Moon and beyond.In addition to those types of launches，China has built two space stations：Tiangong 1 and Tiangong 2.Tiangong 1 has been de-orbited，but the second station，Tiangong 2，is still in use and currently （9）a variety of science experiments.A third Chinese space station is planned for launch in the early 2020s.If all goes as planned，the new space station will bring astronauts to orbit for long-term（10）in research stations.組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
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3．The market is ruled by supply and demand，and as a consumer you can have a huge impact on the（1）
side of the equation （等式）.If all of us make individual changes in what we buy and use，it can（2）up to a lot.
But reducing your own carbon emissions isn't the most powerful thing you can do.You can also send a signal to the market that people are（3）to pay for zero-carbon alternatives.When you pay more for an electric car，a heat pump，or a plant-based burger，you're saying， "There's a market for this stuff.We'll buy it." If enough people send the same（4），companies will respond — in my experience，quite（5）.They'll put more money and time into making low-emissions products，which will（6）the prices of those products.It will make investors more confident about funding new companies that are making the（7）.Without that demand signal，the innovations that governments and businesses invest in will stay on the（8）.Or they won't get developed in the first place，because there's no（9）incentive （刺激） to make them.
Here are some specific steps you can take：
Reduce your home's emissions.Depending on how much money and time you can spare，you can（10）your incandescent lightbulbs （白熾燈泡） with LEDs，insulate （使隔熱） your windows，or replace your heating and cooling system with a heat（11）.
Buy an electric vehicle.Although EVs are not suitable for lots of long-distance road trips，and（12）at home isn't convenient for everyone，they're becoming more affordable.This is one of the places where consumer behavior can have a huge impact：If people buy lots of them，companies will make lots of them.
（13）a plant-based burger.I'll admit vegetarian burgers haven't always tasted（14），but the new generation of plant-based protein alternatives is closer to the taste of meat than before.Buying these products sends a message that making them is a wise investment.（15），eating a meat substitute just once or twice a week will cut down on the emissions you're responsible for.（1） A．market B．consumption C．supply D．demand （2） A．look B．take C．a(chǎn)dd D．live （3） A．a(chǎn)greeable B．indifferent C．reluctant D．willing （4） A．data B．signal C．word D．request （5） A．quickly B．easily C．steadily D．neutrally （6） A．push up B．drive down C．check out D．settle down （7） A．breakthroughs B．conclusions C．calculations D．consequences （8） A．office B．field C．trade D．shelf （9） A．possible B．a(chǎn)lternative C．economic D．efficient （10） A．purchase B．recycle C．a(chǎn)bandon D．replace （11） A．bin B．pump C．oven D．cooler （12） A．transporting B．manufacturing C．maintaining D．charging （13） A．Improve B．Search C．Try D．Prohibit （14） A．great B．terrible C．strange D．original （15） A．In brief B．For example C．In addition D．By comparison 組卷：6引用：1難度：0.2
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
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4．In 1823，a young woman noticed a strange fossil on a beach near Lyme Regis，England.She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home.She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table.Then she saw something extraordinary.The creature's neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body.It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age，Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual or curious fossils.Her father died in 1810，leaving her family in debt，so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors.A year later，aged just 12，she made her first major discovery — a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton.It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago.Named ichthyosaur，or "fish-lizard"，it was the first extinct animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money，but it was a dangerous occupation.One day，a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary.Despite the dangers，she continued to look for new finds.The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile （爬行動物）.Known as a plesiosaur，it would inspire legends — including that of the Loch Ness Monster.Five years later，she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail.It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter；she also carefully examined and recorded her finds.However，she received little credit from other scientists.Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime，in 1839.She was also not allowed to join London's Geological Society，as only men could become members.
Mary Anning died in 1847，but her contributions have not been forgotten.Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris.The beach near her home is a UNESCO World Heritage Site，known as the Jurassic Coast.Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders.According to Britain's Natural History Museum，Mary Anning was "the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known".She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.
（1）Why did Mary Anning start selling fossils？
A．To establish her name as a scientist.
B．To raise public interest in her articles.
C．To gain money to start a museum.
D．To earn money to support her family.
（2）Which of the following is true about Mary Anning？
A．She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.
B．She was nearly killed by a rock fall near the beach.
C．She was a member of the London Geological Society.
D．The beach near her home is named after her.
（3）What is true about the pterosaur find？
A．It looked similar to the Loch Ness Monster.
B．It was the first discovery of an extinct animal.
C．It showed that some extinct creatures had wings.
D．It demonstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fossil finds.
（4）What would be the proper title for the passage？
A．Long-Necked Creatures from the Past
B．The World's Greatest Fossil Hunter
C．The Discovery of the First Pterosaur
D．Treasure of Fossils組卷：5引用：3難度：0.5
V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
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12．盡管教授由于疫情無法親臨會議現(xiàn)場，但他依然為在校師生們做了一場圍繞科技發(fā)展的精彩絕倫的在線演講。（such）
組卷：4引用：1難度：0.9
VI. Guided Writing
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13．Directions：Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是李敏，你班計(jì)劃組織主題為"培養(yǎng)毅力、快樂學(xué)習(xí)"的遠(yuǎn)足活動，請你寫一封電子郵件，邀請外教Edison一起參加。內(nèi)容包括：
（1）本次活動的目的和意義；
（2）活動的具體安排，如時間、地點(diǎn)、遠(yuǎn)足路線和相關(guān)活動：
（3）所需物品和注意事項(xiàng)。
（文中不要出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱）組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5