2021-2022學年上海實驗學校高三（下）開學英語試卷

Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use oneword that best fits each blank.

• 1．Over the past several decades，the U.S.，Canada，and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries.These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters （1）

  "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster.Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. （2）

  the mysteries of the Aztec，Mayan，and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries，now the public （3）

  （become） aware of unusual，paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.
      The Nazca "lines" of Peru （4）

  （discover） in the 1930s.These lines are deeply carved into a flat，stony plain，and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds，a monkey and a lizard. （5）

  （see） at ground level，the designs are a jumbled senseless mess.The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1，000 feet - （6）

  （mean） from an aircraft.Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C.，when it is judged the designs were made. （7）

  were there then，or are there now，any nearby mountain ranges from （8）

  to view them.So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs？One answer appeared in 1969，when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed （9）

  the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft.The scientific community did not take long to laugh at and abandon von Daniken's theory.Over the years several other theories have been put forth，but （10）

  has been accepted by the scientific community.
      Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazac lines.It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet.Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past，and even respected scientists have joined in the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.
      Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries？Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.
  組卷：7引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.accessed B.especially C.unnecessarily D.promoted E.arising F.exceptions G.fashions H.acquiring L.jye.ai J.dismissed K.continually

  One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that，with a few important （1）

  ，mother-tongue education is not practiced in many of the independent African states." said Neville Alexander，director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in Sough Africa at the University of Cape Town.
     In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends （2）

  from immigration，many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade.In some，the use of language other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters.One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon law" in France，but the idea has been（3）

  in many countries since then.Such efforts to govern language use are often（4）

  as futile （無益的） by language experts，who are well aware of the difficulty of controlling（5）

  in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
     It is（6）

  difficult for native speaking of English to understand the desire to maintain the "purity" of a language by law.Since the time of Shakespeare，English has（7）

  absorbed foreign languages in the world.But there has not been a barrier to（8）

  prestige （聲望） and power.Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things.English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language，similar，for example，to the Academic Francaise in France.
    The need to protect national language is for most western Europeans a recent phenomenon，especially the need to ensure that English doesn't（9）

  take over too many fields.Public communication，education and new modes of communication（10）

  by technology，maybe key fields to defend.
  組卷：9引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage， there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．Scientists say that the brains of animals and humans risk severe damage without blood ow and oxygen.But，researchers say they were able to（1）

  some activity in the brains of pigs that had been killed four hours earlier.Nenad Sestan，one of the Yale School of Medicine researchers，said that by medical（2）

  ，the brains were not living brains.He added that the brains could not think or sense anything.
     The researchers，however，found that cells within brains that have lost their supply of blood and oxygen could（3）

  longer than scientists had believed.The research might（4）

  new medical treatments for stroke and other condjye.aiions.It also provides a new way to study the brain and how drugs work in it.The 32 brains in the study came from pigs that had been killed for food.The scientists put the brains into a device in their lab.Four hours after the animal died，they began pumping a specially designed blood（5）

  through the organs.After six hours，scientists found that individual brain cells in one area of the brain had（6）

  to keep important details of their structure.And when they sent electric signals to the brains，the cells（7）

  in a way that showed viability （可生存性）.
     The scientists studied the artificial blood before and after it entered the treated brains.They found the brain cells were（8）

  blood sugar and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide：a（n）（9）

  hat they were working.They also found that blood pathway in treated brains reacted to a drug that makes them wider.But the brains did not show large amounts of activity that would be a sign of consciousness.The scientists said restoring consciousness was not the（10）

  of the study，and that they did not know whether it was possible.The scientists said that they had no（11）

  to try their methods on human brains at this time.（12）

  ，they arc now looking to keep the study for longer than six hours of treatment.
     Chris-tof Koch，president of the Allen Institute for Brain Science，who did not take part in the study，said he was surprised by the results，（13）

  since they came from such a large animal.He said the study could increase our knowledge to bring people back to the land of living after a drug overdose.He suggested it also could（14）

  treatments for a patient when the brain has not received enough oxygen for an hour or two.Koch said the results of the study also raised question about the widely used definition of death - the（15）

  loss of brain activity.
  
  

  （1）	A．refresh	B．restore	C．sustain	D．organize
  （2）	A．prescriptions	B．regulations	C．operations	D．definitions
  （3）	A．exist	B．survive	C．consider	D．communicate
  （4）	A．result from	B．originate in	C．lead to	D．think over
  （5）	A．drug	B．sample	C．substitute	D．stream
  （6）	A．ceased	B．continued	C．hesitated	D．failed
  （7）	A．recovered	B．revived	C．replied	D．responded
  （8）	A．synthesizing	B．generating	C．a(chǎn)bsorbing	D．excluding
  （9）	A．symptom	B．signal	C．clue	D．feature
  （10）	A．significance	B．foundation	C．goal	D．consequence
  （11）	A．plans	B．means	C．damages	D．outlets
  （12）	A．Hence	B．Meanwhile	C．Furthermore	D．However
  （13）	A．especially	B．unbelievably	C．technically	D．ethically
  （14）	A．benefit from	B．help with	C．bring up	D．work out
  （15）	A．intolerable	B．irreversible	C．impractical	D．irresistible
  組卷：10引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Come on - Everybody's doing it.That whispered message.jye.ai invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good - drinking，drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possible the world.
  Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure in action：In South Carolina，a state-sponsored anti-smoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa，an HIV-prevention initiative known as Love-Life recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
     The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on：they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits，and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different，please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers - teenagers，who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to lake a page from advertisers，so skilled at applying peer pressure.
     But on the general effectiveness of the social cure，Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the Love-life program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.
     There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits - as well as negative ones - spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure：we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
     Far less certain，however，is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.The lactic never really works.And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside：in the real world，as in school，we insist on choosing our own friends.
  
  （1）According to the first paragraph，peer pressure often emerges as

  .
  A．a(chǎn) supplement to the social cure
  B．a(chǎn) stimulus to group dynamics
  C．a(chǎn)n obstacle to social progress
  D．a(chǎn) cause of undesirable behaviors
  （2）In the author's view，Rosenberg's book fails to

  .
  A．a(chǎn)dequately probe social and biological factors
  B．effectively avoid talking about the laws of the social cure
  C．illustrate the functions of state funding
  D．produce a long-lasting social effect
  （3）Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors

  .
  A．is harmful to our networks of friends
  B．will mislead behavioral studies
  C．occurs without our realizing it
  D．can produce negative health habits
  （4）The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

  .
  A．harmful
  B．questionable
  C．profound
  D．desirable
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Translation Directions：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

• 12．受訪者表達了他們的意見，他們認為政府應該對小企業(yè)進行資助，幫助它們度過疫情的寒冬。

  （同位語從句）
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.7

  解析

Guided Writing Directions:Writean English composition in 120-150 words according to theinstructions given below in Chinese.

• 13．春考之后，同學們都有了英語的高考成績。進入了高三第二學期，對于英語學習，每個同學都有著自己的打算。有的同學準備放棄英語，有的同學準備繼續(xù)學習英語但學習重心有所轉移，有的同學仍然繼續(xù)努力地學習英語。請談談你的打算并說明理由。
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  組卷：2引用：1難度：0.6

  解析