2020-2021學年江蘇省鹽城市射陽二中高一（下）期初英語試卷

閱讀理解（15*2.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

• 1．Several years ago，I began asking my friends and family to tell me something about their passwords.Yes，I understand why passwords are universally hated：the pressure they put on our memory and the endless demand to update them.I hate them too.But there is more to passwords than their annoyance.In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember them，they take on secret lives.
      There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.And there was a childless 45 yearold woman whose password is the name of the baby she lost in her 25（her way of trying to keep him alive，I guess）．
      Sometimes the passwords were playful.Several people said they used "incorrect" for theirs so that when they forgot it，the software automatically promoted them with the right one（"your password is incorrect"）．
      Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness.After reading Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean in：Women，Work and the Will to Lead，Cortni Kerr，a running partner of mine，found her role model and began using "Wwssdo19"，which stood for "What would Sheryl Sandberg do" plus "19" for the year （2019）of the password's creation. "TnsitTpsif" was the password of another friend，a computer scientist who loves wordplay.It stood for "The next sentence is true.The previous sentence is false".For my friend，it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie.
      The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her father's childhood home but also a reminder of his strength.Apparently，when the former 120 kg football standout was a small boy，he had to sing his home address（4622 South 28th West Avenue） in one full breath rather than try to say it normally.Otherwise，his stutter（口吃） would embarrass him.
  
  （1）Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password？

  
  A．To rebuild his reputation.
  B．To remind him to act legally.
  C．To fight against his poor memory.
  D．To hide the unpleasant experience.
  （2）What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandberg's book？

  
  A．Inspiring.
  B．Interesting.
  C．Creative.
  D．Doubtful.
  （3）What might be the best title for the text？

  
  A．The Reasons Why People Hate Passwords
  B．The Unusual Passwords
  C．The Secret Lives of Passwords
  D．The Best Ways to Make Your Passwords Unique
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．Guess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd，F(xiàn)acebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and former United States President Donald Trump's granddaughter，Arabella Kushner，have in common？They both study Chinese as a second language.
      Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn，a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.
      Nov.1，2019 saw more than 120 people，coming from 105 countries，compete in the finals of the 12th "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students.Held in Zhengzhou，Henan Province，the finals was mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows.The contestants also visited the Shaolin Temple，Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.
      While reasons for learning Chinese were different，a common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development.
      Raissa，17，from the Union of Comoros，developed a strong emotional connection with China after her grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago.This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.
      Fascinated by Chinese culture，the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China. "My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did，" she said.
      For Fekete Marcell Zoltan，17，from the HungarianChinese Bilingual School，studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat（外交官） to China. "After graduation from high school，I would like to further my studies in China，" he said.
      Robert Davis，director of the Chineselanguage programme in Chicago's public school system，may give you a hint. "Chinese isn't the new French.It's the new English，which is widely used all over the world，" he told CGTN.
  
  （1）Why are Kevin Rudd，Mark Zuckerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned in paragraph 1？

  
  A．To show Chinese is popular.
  B．To introduce them to the readers.
  C．To tell the readers they love China.
  D．To stress the importance of learning Chinese.
  （2）The underlined word "Fascinated" in paragraph 6 can be replaced by "

  "．
  A．Inspected
  B．Employed
  C．Attracted
  D．Appreciated
  （3）What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese？

  
  A．It's easy to learn.
  B．They want to become a doctor.
  C．They hope for a good job after graduation.
  D．They have interest in Chinese culture and rapid development.
  （4）What is Robert Davis' attitude to learning Chinese？

  
  A．Doubtful.
  B．Supportive.
  C．Indifferent.
  D．Upset.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．When I was a small boy，I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated，they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways，which I，as a child，thought strange.As a result of that，I decided to try to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve jye.ai.It was not surprising，then，that I decided to study psychology.
      On arrival at the university，I was disappointed to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a lab.I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel.I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy.I started out by studying creative people such as musicians，artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do，rather than things that just brought them financial rewards.
      Later，I expanded the study by inventing a system called "the experience sampling method".Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager（傳呼機） for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day.Every time it did so，they wrote down where they were，what they were doing，how they felt and how much they were concentrating.This system has now been used on more than 10，000 people，and the answers are consistent：as with creative people，ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.
      I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense concentration.This must be the main reason why activities such as music，art，literature，sports and other forms of leisure have survived.In order to concentrate，whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle，what you need is a challenge that matches your ability.The way to remain continually happy，therefore，is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills.This may mean learning to do your job better or faster，or doing other more difficult jobs.As you grow older，you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age.
  
  （1）What led the author to study psychology？

  
  A．His determination to become rich.
  B．His observation of adults.
  C．His unhappy childhood.
  D．His interest in strangers.
  （2）Who were the author's study subjects at the start of his career？

  
  A．People having deep affection for their career.
  B．People very aware of their personal life.
  C．People successful in acquiring wealth.
  D．People with more freedom.
  （3）The author used his system to show that

  ．
  A．people's happiness depends on who they are with
  B．people are happier when they focus on an activity
  C．creative people are happier than ordinary people
  D．ordinary people find it hard to concentrate
  （4）According to the text，people concentrate more when they are doing

  ．
  A．something strange and enjoyable
  B．things appropriate to their ages
  C．something difficult but possible
  D．many things at the same time
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 4．Have you ever wondered why certain pop songs just make you feel so good？Researchers studying the question found that uncertainty and surprise give listeners the most pleasure.The study included 80，000 chords（和弦） in 745 pop songs between 1958 and 1991.
      Each song was stripped of its melody（旋律） and lyrics（歌詞） so that only chords were left and the results couldn't be misunderstood by other imaginations of the songs that listeners might have had.
      They found two things.Listeners got great pleasure from unexpected chords when they knew what would happen.However，they still found it pleasant to hear familiar chords when they did not know what would follow.
      Vincent Cheung，the lead researcher，said， "Pleasant songs are likely those which keep a good balance between knowing what is going to happen next and surprising us with something we did not expect.Understanding how music starts our pleasure system in the brain could explain why listening to music might help us feel better when we are feeling blue."
      Cheung told CNN that pleasure in music is connected to expectation.The study before had looked into the effects of surprise on pleasure，but his team's study also paid attention to the uncertainty of listeners' expectations.
  
  （1）What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean？

  
  A．Played.
  B．Added.
  C．Taken.
  D．Recorded.
  （2）What does the study find？

  
  A．Expected music is exciting.
  B．Unexpected chords bring pleasure.
  C．Familiar music is boring.
  D．Unfamiliar chords are hard to follow.
  （3）What can we learn about pleasant songs from Cheung's words？

  
  A．They can explain human nature.
  B．They can improve our pleasure system.
  C．They make some people feel blue.
  D．They balance expectation and surprise.
  （4）What is the purpose of the passage？

  
  A．To introduce the findings of a scientific study.
  B．To show the importance of music in our life.
  C．To compare different studies on music.
  D．To experiment music in science.
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

七選五（5*2.5分）

• 5．China has been the birthplace of many of the world's greatest inventions.It was，for example，the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins，people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.（1）

  This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.
  （2）

  In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells（貝殼） as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances，and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.
      In the years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same.（3）

  
      The next development was in 1000 BC，when China started making bronze and copper shells.It wasn't long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal. （4）

  By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.
      About 1，000 years later，leather was used as money in China，and in 806 AD，the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.（5）

  
  
  A.People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.
  B.However，as economies developed，such exchanges became impractical.
  C.It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.
  D.They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.
  E.As time went by，trade between countries increased.
  F.During that time，for example，buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.
  G.The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

單詞拼寫（10*1）

• 16．This voyage was the most exciting

  （冒險經(jīng)歷） of their lives．
  組卷：26引用：7難度：0.8

  解析

語法填空（10*1）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

• 17．Chinese New Year，（1）

  starts on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar （陰歷），is considered as China's most important holiday．It （2）

  （know） as the Spring Festival．
      The Spring Festival starts at the beginning （3）

  the new moon．It often happens between January and February．It usually （4）

  （last） about one month until Lantern Festival （元宵節(jié)），which gives everyone plenty of time for celebration．
      （5）

  （traditional） ，red envelopes with money in are gifted during the Spring Festival celebrations．It's a custom which goes back to ancient times．However，when the tradition （6）

  （start） is unknown．Whatever the reason is，the red envelope is an important part of Chinese New Year to this day．
      The firework is another big part of Chinese New Year．A（7）

  （write） shared the following story on a website．An old man saved a town from a terrible monster （怪獸）by throwing many （8）

  （bamboo） into the fire．The explosion caused by the bamboo frightened off the monster．As （9）

  result，Chinese people set off fireworks （爆竹）during Chinese New Year celebrations （10）

  （avoid） the evil spirits of the past．
  組卷：12引用：3難度：0.5

  解析