2021-2022學年上海市華東師大二附中紫竹校區(qū)高三（上）開學英語試卷

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．What to Say to A Rude Person Recently，as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester，he found himself （1）

  （become） steadily enraged.A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation，（2）

  would last an unbelievable hour.Furious，Winston began to tweet about the woman.He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40，000 followers.
      When the train arrived at its destination，Winston quickly got off for he（3）

  （have） enough of the woman's rudeness.But the press were now waiting for her on the platform.And when they gleefully showed her the lord's messages，she used just one word to describe Winston's actions：rude.
      Winston's tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness，（4）

  （fuel）by social media （and，often，politics）.What can we do to fix this？
      Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally，almost like the common cold.Just witnessing makes it far more likely that we in turn，will be rude later on.Once infected，we are more aggressive，（5）

  （creative） and worse at our jobs.The only way to end a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so.We must have the guts to call it out，face to face.We must say，"Just stop." For Winston，that（6）

  have meant approaching the woman，telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.
      The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd thjye.aigs.In my own research，surveying 2，000 adults，I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous （"I rubbed fries on their wind—shield"） to the disturbing （"I sabotaged them at work"）.Winston （7）

  shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar，in a way that shamed her.
      We must instead combat rudeness head on.When we see it occur in a store，we must step up and say something.If it happens to a colleague，we must point it out.We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends.But we can do it with grace，and by handling it（8）

  a trace of aggression and rudeness.Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others，they are far more likely to end that strain（9）

  .（10）

  this ride of rudeness rises，civilization needs civility.
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.extended B.tasty C.reserves D.resistant E.pause F.consume G.jye.ai H.supplies L.associated J.properties K.tapping

  Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants.The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants：metabolism.Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells.Some plants store（1）

  of water to see them through a drought；others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies.But once these plants use up their stored water or tap out the underground supply，they cease growing and start to die.They may be able to handle a drought of some length，and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants，but they never actually stop needing to（2）

  water，so Farrant prefers to call them drought（3）

  .
     Resurrection plants，defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass，are different.They lack water-storing structures，and their existence on rock faces prevents them from（4）

  groundwater，so they instead developed the ability to change their metabolism.When they detect a/an（5）

  dry period，they change their metabolisms，producing sugars and certain stress—（6）

  proteins and other materials in their tissues.As the plant dries，these resources take on first the （7）

  of honey，then rubber，and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain，" Farrant says.That（8）

  the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues.The plants also change shape，shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate.They can recover from months and years without water，depending on the species.
     What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick？Seeds—almost all of them.At the start of her career，F(xiàn)arrant studied seeds such as avocados（牛油果），coffee and lychee（荔枝）.Though（9）

  ，such seeds are delicate — they cannot bud and grow if they dry out.Most seeds can wait out the dry，unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout.Yet once they start growing，such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the（10）

  button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.
  組卷：9引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage， there are four words or phrases marked A、 B、C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sullivan，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects.It was the third of March，1887，three months before I was seven years old.
     On the afternoon of that eventful day，I stood on the porch，dumb，（1）

  .I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen，so I went to the door and waited on the steps.The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch，and fell on my upturned face.My fingers lingered almost（2）

  on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just（3）

  to greet the sweet southern spring.I did not know what the future held of（4）

  or surprise for me.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor（倦怠）had（5）

  this passionate struggle.
     Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog，when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in，and the great ship，tense and anxious，groped her way toward the shore with plummet（鉛錘）and sounding-line（測深索），and you waited with beating heart for something to happen？I was like that（6）

  before my education began，only I was without（7）

  or sounding-line，and had no way of knowing how near the（8）

  was. "Light!Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul，and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.
     I felt approaching footsteps.I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother.Someone（9）

  it，and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to（10）

  all things to me，and more than all things else，to love me.
     The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll.The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it；but I did not know this until（11）

  .When I had played with it a little while，Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to（12）

  it.When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I（13）

  with childish pleasure and pride.Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll.I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed；I was simply making my fingers go in monkey—like imitation.In the days that followed I learned to spell in this（14）

  way a great many words，among them pin，hat，cup and a few verbs like sit，stand and walk.But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a（15）

  .
  
  

  （1）	A．hesitant	B．reluctant	C．expectant	D．defendant
  （2）	A．consequently	B．unconsciously	C．deliberately	D．simultaneously
  （3）	A．come forth	B．brought about	C．left behind	D．hidden away
  （4）	A．panic	B．result	C．position	D．marvel
  （5）	A．succeeded	B．exposed	C．inherited	D．demonstrated
  （6）	A．fog	B．ship	C．shore	D．plummet
  （7）	A．compassion	B．compromise	C．compass	D．companion
  （8）	A．paradise	B．habitat	C．residence	D．harbor
  （9）	A．took	B．shook	C．clung	D．rescued
  （10）	A．share	B．devote	C．reveal	D．celebrate
  （11）	A．beforehand	B．backward	C．a(chǎn)fterward	D．forward
  （12）	A．illustrate	B．exhibit	C．guess	D．imitate
  （13）	A．fluttered	B．flourished	C．flashed	D．flushed
  （14）	A．unrealistic	B．uncomprehending	C．unsurmountable	D．unproductive
  （15）	A．title	B．name	C．credit	D．role
  組卷：14引用：2難度：0.2

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors.There simply wasn't any crime to worry about.
     Amazingly，these happy times appear still to be with us in the world's biggest community.A new study by Dan Farmer，a gifted programmer，using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN，shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have setup home without fitting locks to their doors.
     SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in.Farmer has made program publicly available，amid much criticism.A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle.
      But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and，so far，events have proved him right.SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.
     So is the Net becoming more secure？Far from it.In the early days，when you visited a Website your browser simply looked at the content.Now the web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page，and run on your own machine.These programs could，if their authors wished，do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.
     At the same time，the Net is increasingly populated with spiders，worms，agents，and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information.All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage.
     But let's look on the bright side.Given the lack of locks，the Internet is surely the world's biggest （almost）crime-free society.Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest.Or that there currently isn't much to steal.Or because vandalism（蓄意破壞）isn't much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone.
     Whatever the reason，let's enjoy it while we can.But expect it all to change，and security to become the number one issue，when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.
  
  （1）By saying "...owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors" （Lines 3-4，Para.2），the author means that

  .
  A．those happy times appear still to be with us
  B．there simply wasn't any crime to worry about
  C．many sites are not well protected
  D．hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in
  （2）SATAN，a program designed by Dan Farmer，can be used

  .
  A．to investigate the security of Internet sites
  B．to improve the security of the Internet system
  C．to prevent hackers from breaking into websites
  D．to download useful programs and information
  （3）Farmer's program has been criticized by the public because

  .
  A．it causes damage to Net browsers
  B．it can break into Internet sites
  C．it can be used to cause disorder on all sites
  D．it can be used by people with evil intent
  （4）The author suggests in the last paragraph that

  .
  A．we should make full use of the Internet before security measures are strengthened
  B．we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of guaranteeing quality of their services
  C．influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net security
  D．net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the Internet
  組卷：8引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．獲得粉絲大量點贊后他感慨萬千，回想起創(chuàng)業(yè)之初經(jīng)歷的種種磨難，他不禁失聲痛哭。（can't help）
  組卷：5引用：2難度：0.4

  解析

VI. Guided Writing

• 13．Directions：Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
  你是明啟中學高三學生李華，你校門口一家老字號面館（time-honored noodle restaurant）因上漲的租金和周邊快餐店的競爭，面臨關門的窘境。該面館登報求助。請給該面館寫讀者回信，信中必須包括：
  1.闡述保護中華老字號（time-honored Chinese brands）的意義；
  2.向該面館提出改進的建議。
  組卷：14引用：2難度：0.6

  解析