2022-2023學(xué)年湖南省長(zhǎng)沙一中高三（上）入學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷

第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分27.5分）第一節(jié) （共3小題；每小題2.5分，滿分27.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

• 1．James Dyson is the inventor of the cyclone（氣旋） Dyson vacuum cleaner that completely transformed the way vacuum cleaners are designed.Traditional vacuum cleaners would suck up air and dust using a fan and then the dust was filtered by the pores（氣孔） in the bag.The dust stayed in the bag and the air escaped.The problem with that design was that the pores in the bag very quickly get blocked with the dust，the air couldn't escape and so the sucking power and cleaning efficiency drops.
     Dyson's cyclone technology doesn't use any bags at all.Air is sucked into a plastic cone-shaped object.The dust is separated from the air thanks to centrifugal forces（離心力）.The dust falls to the bottom and is collected in a tray and pure air escapes.No blocking，no loss of suction and no smells.
     It took him 15 years of his life and over 5，000 prototypes working in his garage to come up with a working model!Completing the design of the cyclone cleaner was just the start of Dyson's incredible story.You would think that the manufacturers of traditional cleaners would have been eager to do a deal with Dyson in order to license his superior product. — Wrong!
     From their short-sighted perspective，they didn't want to pay Dyson licensing fees for his invention because that would reduce their net profit.In their opinion，they could just carry on with their inferior product and continue making their massive profits.They refused to do business with Dyson，certain that his invention would go away without their investment.
     Most people would have just given up there.Not Dyson.He made the decision to start his own manufacturing company and to beat them at their own game.In 1993，he set up a factory in the UK to produce the Dyson Dual Cyclone and then started advertising it directly to the British public using TV ads with the slogan "Say goodbye to the bag".It was a huge success and went on to outsell cleaners made by the very same manufacturers that had rejected him.Sweet revenge.
  
  （1）What is the major difference between Dyson's product and other vacuum cleaners？

  
  A．It uses fewer bags.
  B．It produces less noise.
  C．It allows for the free flow of air.
  D．It sucks up air and dust using a fan.
  （2）Why didn't the manufacturers cooperate with Dyson？

  
  A．Because the public were not interested in his ads.
  B．Because Dyson had already set up his own company.
  C．Because they believed his product was less profitable.
  D．Because they thought their existing products were superior.
  （3）What qualities contributed to Dyson's success？

  
  A．Teamwork spirit and generosity.
  B．Commitment and persistence.
  C．Integrity and kindness.
  D．Punctuality and creativity.
  組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．Music makes life better in many ways.The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework.But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want to optimize their learning？A new study suggests that for some students，listening to music is a wise strategy，but for others，it isn't.The effect of music on cognitive（認(rèn)知的） functioning appears to depend partly on your personality — specifically，on your need for external stimulation.
     Researchers not only assessed listeners' personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music.Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation.They then engaged in an easy cognitive task （searching for the letter A in lists of words） and a more challenging one （remembering word pairs）.Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions： （1）no music， （2）with music.
     The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation，on the simple task of finding A's，such subjects' scores for the music condition were significantly worse than those for the silent cjye.aiditijye.ai.On the complex task of learning word pairs，their performance was worse whenever music was played.For those with a low need of external stimulation，however，on the simple task of findings A's，such participants' scores for the music condition were dramatically better than those for the silent cjye.aiditijye.ai.On the complex task of learning word pairs，the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.
     According to the study，there are substantial individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function，resulting in personalized recommendations regarding its presence in the classroom.Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cautious of adding music to the mix.On the other hand，students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of music.
     With the right personality，the right music and the right task，the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning.Given the benefits of music，subscription to Spotify just might pay for itself.
  
  （1）What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2？

  
  A．It only involved the participants' response to music.
  B．The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.
  C．Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.
  D．Participants were grouped by their need for external stimulation.
  （2）What can we infer from the results shown in paragraphs 3-4？

  
  A．The complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.
  B．Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.
  C．Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.
  D．The presence of music suits students seeking for external stimulation.
  （3）What might the underlined word "Spotify" be？

  
  A．A psychology journal.
  B．A music platform.
  C．A travel guide.
  D．A personality test.
  （4）What could be the best title for the article？

  
  A．Why is music essential in your study？
  B．Is music beneficial to your personality？
  C．Does music boost your cognitive performance？
  D．How can music affect your external stimulation？
  組卷：7引用：4難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．Geothermal（地?zé)岬模?power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources.Heat generated below the Earth's surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes.And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation，that is set to at least triple by 2050.
     The Geysers in California is the world's largest geothermal electricity complex.It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725，000 homes，totaling 20 percent of the state's renewable energy.Superheated "dry steam" is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir heated by a large magma chamber（巖漿房） more than four miles beneath the surface.
     Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity.Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat.EGS （enhanced geothermal systems） technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy. "You can effectively put a power plant anywhere，" said Will Pettit，director of the Geothermal Resources Council. "All you have to do is drill（鉆孔） deep enough and you will find hot rock."
     Most geothermal plants actually use a flash steam technique，where hot water （at 360 F or 180 C） is drawn up，passed into lower pressure tanks and 'flashed' into steam to power a turbine（渦輪機(jī)）.Binary cycle（雙元循環(huán)） plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations.They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point — as low as 135 F — to drive turbines.
     Geothermal plants already emit 11 times less carbon dioxide per unit of electricity than the average US coal power plant.They can also operate 24 hours a day to provide a solid base load for homes and businesses.
  There are drawbacks too.Seismic activity around drilling wells is a factor.High investment costs are another.But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million dollar funds to push forward advanced EGS research.Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future.
  
  （1）What do Will Pettit's words suggest in paragraph 3？

  
  A．It takes great effort to develop geothermal power.
  B．Geothermal power development is money-consuming.
  C．Geothermal power plants can be set up in certain places.
  D．More geothermal energy can be found with advanced technology.
  （2）What can be inferred from paragraph 4？

  
  A．Power plants are not affected by water.
  B．Hot water is used to power a turbine directly.
  C．Binary cycle plants are less restricted to locations.
  D．A flash steam technique is a must in geothermal plants.
  （3）What is the main idea of the article？

  
  A．Traditional power has been replaced by geothermal power in America.
  B．Businesses are competing to gain an advantage in geothermal power.
  C．Geothermal power is likely to be the best chance to sustainable power.
  D．EGS technologies have come into widespread application around the world.
  （4）What is the writer's attitude towards geothermal power？

  
  A．Optimistic.
  B．Pessimistic.
  C．Indifferent.
  D．Concerned.
  組卷：4引用：5難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié) （共1小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

• 4．As time goes on，neuroscientists learn more about the wonders of human brains.The deeper understanding offers ways to enhance your brain to work in your favor.You don't have to be a brain scientist to do it!（1）

  
     When you hear the word hack，you might be reminded of the snaky computer science term.Computer hackers need to understand the inner workings of a computer to break into its system.（2）

  They need to know how the brain works to change its neural network.With this knowledge，people have come up with ways to optimize brain performance and stick to healthier habits.
     Neurohackers use their knowledge of how the brain works to change though patterns，like daily habits.Doing this requires understanding the way habits form in the brain.Whenever you repeat a task，the brain connects its wires together between brain cells.Over time，these habits become hardwired into the brains.（3）

  They help carry out simple everyday tasks without much thought or attention.The trouble comes up when your brain wires unhealthy habits，such as negative self-talk.
     （4）

  You need to rewire!And that requires mindfulness — a conscious awareness of your brain's behaviors and patterns at the very moment when they occur.In this way，you can change those habits in the direction that you want.
     Below the conscious mind lives the subconscious，a deeper mental space that hosts what you have previously engraved into your mind.（5）

  Then，you can "hack" brain patterns，train thoughts toward positive circuits，and slowly develop healthier habits over time.
  
  A.Find out what neurohacking is.
  B.The same goes for neurohackers.
  C.Just learn how to hack your brain.
  D.How can you improve your mindfulness？
  E.How do you change those undesirable habits？
  F.Habits free up our brains so that we can learn new things.
  G.With proper practices，you'll build a deeper awareness of your own brain.
  組卷：7引用：4難度：0.5

  解析

第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié) （共1小題；每小題15分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

• 5．My son had just gotten his driving license.On the way home，I（1）

  the car to a side road，unfastened my seat belt，and（2）

  places with him. "Okay，" I said. "I want you to drive home."
  Sitting behind the steering wheel，his body looked tense and（3）

  . "Mom，" he said quietly， "I can't do this.I'm not ready."
     "It's okay，" I said. "You're（4）

  going to feel ready.At some point，you just have to go for it."
     "No，" he took a deep breath and （5）

  my father's words. "Don't ever apologize for knowing your limits.You told me that!"
     For a brief moment，time （6）

  .I saw the very old photograph forever （7）

  in my memory.It shows my family standing arm in arm and（8）

  for the camera，with the then tallest roller coaster（過(guò)山車(chē)） we decided to ride together in the background.No one knew I was（9）

  terrified.I just didn't want to be the one to stay behind.W（10）

  our way up the line and finally reached the end.Suddenly，my body was stiff with（11）

  ，and I knew：I just couldn't do it.
     Too（12）

  to face my family，I simply called over my shoulder to Dad that I was leaving.Dad asked me what happened. "I guess I was too chicken.Sorry." What Dad said next（13）

  surprised me. "Don't ever apologize for knowing your limits，" he said. "And don't let someone make you do something you're not comfortable with.I'm proud of you for the choice you made." This was the exact（14）

  of what I expected him to say.
     Instantly，I understood exactly how my son felt.Knowing the limits isn't an（15）

  of weakness.It's actually a sign of strength.
  
  

  （1）	A．plugged in	B．pulled over	C．stepped in	D．swung over
  （2）	A．traded	B．provided	C．shared	D．refreshed
  （3）	A．immature	B．indifferent	C．uncomfortable	D．irrelevant
  （4）	A．a(chǎn)lways	B．surely	C．forever	D．never
  （5）	A．expected	B．wondered	C．recalled	D．imagined
  （6）	A．passed	B．faded	C．froze	D．flew
  （7）	A．pressed	B．drafted	C．polished	D．carved
  （8）	A．looking	B．a(chǎn)pplying	C．smiling	D．inquiring
  （9）	A．scarcely	B．secretly	C．similarly	D．still
  （10）	A．inched	B．found	C．led	D．bounced
  （11）	A．regret	B．fear	C．sadness	D．dizziness
  （12）	A．embarrassed	B．disappointed	C．discouraged	D．pessimistic
  （13）	A．hardly	B．completely	C．normally	D．rarely
  （14）	A．remark	B．comment	C．comfort	D．opposite
  （15）	A．a(chǎn)ssumption	B．introduction	C．a(chǎn)nticipation	D．indication
  組卷：9引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（共1小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

• 6．Navigating human emotions can sometimes feel like walking through minefields（布雷區(qū)），especially when these emotions are negative.
      Envy is one of such emotions with certain negativity when it （1）

  （direct） at our loved ones.However，just like all other emotions，envy is human and normal and its morality depends on（2）

  we do with the way we feel.It only becomes negative when it is handled（3）

  a weapon or an excuse for bad behaviour.
      Envy could cause serious damage to relationships if（4）

  （leave） to worsen，because people dislike to admit they feel that way towards someone they love，which tends to get worse and transforms into（5）

  （hate） when you silently think over it.
      It's impractical to completely prevent envy，but it is possible to refine the way we process it.Envy is not something to hide away.Being honest with ourselves about the way we feel（6）

  （help） us better understand what exactly were envious of and makes communicating with our partners（7）

  （easy）.
      We have all（8）

  （collective） got better at processing our emotions but there's still a lot of work to be done.The goal is to get to a point（9）

  discussing envy becomes as casual as discussing excitement and can serve as（10）

  motivator in our life.
  組卷：13引用：3難度：0.4

  解析

第四部分 寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

• 17．假設(shè)你是一所英國(guó)高中的中國(guó)交換生李華。學(xué)校擬選拔一些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，利用暑假到社區(qū)為學(xué)生輔導(dǎo)漢語(yǔ)。你希望參加此活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示給校評(píng)選組寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信：
  主要內(nèi)容：1.個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)；2.你的計(jì)劃。
  注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
  Dear Sir，
  ____________________________________
  Yours sincerely，
  Li Hua
  組卷：5引用：5難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

• 18．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
      A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits.Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes（糖尿病） than people who eat meat.However，most people don't realize that a vegetarian diet produces less pollution the environment.
  Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how consumer behavior affects the environment.The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment，second only to the use of motor vehicle.
      Then，how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment？For a start，all farm animals such as cows，pigs，and sheep give off methane gas（沼氣） by breathing.One cow can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day.Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide.It is estimated that 25% of all methane released into the air comes from farm animals.
      Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land.2，500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef while only 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat.One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40，000 pounds of potatoes，30，000 pounds of carrots，or 50，000 pounds of tomatoes.However，one acre of farmland used for raising cows can produce just 250 pounds of beef.
      Many people now see the benefits of a vegetarian diet，not just for health reasons，but also because it plays an important role in protecting the environment.However，some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian，or vegan diet.They believe a vegan diet，which excludes（拒絕） all products from animal sources，such as cheese，eggs，and milk，can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need.
  組卷：4引用：3難度：0.5

  解析