2021-2022學(xué)年浙江省舟山市定海一中高一（下）開學(xué)英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分） 第一節(jié)（共3小題；每小題2.5分，滿分30分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
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1．Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death，but football，rugby and running may not help people to live longer，a study suggests.
A study followed more than 80，000 people for an average of nine years to find out if certain sports protected them against early death.It found that people who played racket sports regularly were the least likely to die over the study period，reducing their individual risk by 47 percent compared with people who did no exercise.Swimmers also reduced their chance of death by 28 percent，aerobics（有氧運動）fans by 27 percent and cyclists by 15 percent．Yet running appeared to have no impact at all on dying early，and neither did playing football or rugby.
Scientists say the difference may lie in the social aspect which goes alongside sports like tennis and squash（壁球），which often involve clubs and organized activities outside of the game.It means that people often have larger social net-works and tend to keep up activities into later life，both of which are proven to be good for health.
In contrast，people who play team sports often do not move onto a new sport once their teams break up for family，or injury reasons.They become watchers rather than participants in their chosen activity.
The researchers found that playing racket sports was associated with a 56 percent lower risk from heart death.Similarly，swimmers lowered their heart disease or stroke risk by 41 percent，and people who took part in activities like aerobics，dance or gymnastics lowered their risk by 36 percent.But again running，football and rugby had no significant impact on heart deaths.
However，other experts argue that this study must not be misinterpreted（誤解）as showing that running and football do not protect against heart disease.In this study both runners and footballers had a lower rate of death from heart disease.
（1）Which sport has hardly any impact on protecting people against early death？
A．Cycling.
B．Rugby.
C．Tennis.
D．Swimming.
（2）According to the study，which makes a big difference in keeping healthy？
A．Watching football games every day.
B．Doing running in the park every day.
C．Taking up gymnastics and joining a club.
D．Playing basketball with their friends occasionally.
（3）What is considered more important to people's health？
A．Social networks.
B．Staying at home.
C．Physical examinations.
D．Setting up families.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A．Study finds playing tennis helps people live longer.
B．It is wrong to say running has no impact on heart disease.
C．There are differences between racket sports and team games.
D．Thousands of people participated in a 9-year research.組卷：2引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．Computers have become amazingly exact at translating spoken words to text messages and searching a large supply of valuable information for answers to difficult questions.At least，that is，so long as you speak English or other world's main languages.But try talking to your phone in Yoruba，Igbo or any number of widely spoken African languages and you'll find difficulty in accessing information，trade and other benefits of the global tech economy.
American tech giants don't have a long history of making their language technology work well outside the wealthiest markets，a problem that has also made it harder for them to discover dangerous misinformation on their platforms.Google，for instance，upset members of the Yoruba community when its language app mistranslated a nice African god as a devil.Part of the reason is that there's just not enough online data in those languages for the AI systems to effectively learn how to get better at understanding them.
"We are getting to the point where if a machine doesn't understand your language，it will be like it never existed，" said Vukosi Marivate，who has devoted some of his AI research to the southern African languages of Xitsonga and Seiswana."Considering our history，some of the bias（偏見）is intentional.The history of the African continent and in general in colonized（殖民化的）countries，is that when language had to be translated，it was translated in a very narrow way，"Marivate added.
However，Google and Microsoft are among the companies that say they are trying to improve technology for so-called "low-resource" languages that AI systems don't ave enough data for.Computer scientists at Meta announced a breakthrough on the path to a "universal translator" that could translate multiple languages at once and work better with lower-resourced languages.Meanwhile，Marivate and other researchers have founded a research project across Africa.Increasingly，people are joining hands to develop a variety of language approaches.
（1）What can we learn from Paragraphs 1 and 2？
A．The online data of African languages is limited.
B．Computers can translate all text messages exactly.
C．Yoruba and Igbo are widely spoken in the world.
D．English speakers fail to access online information.
（2）Why does the author mention "Google" in Paragraph 2？
A．To reach a conclusion.
B．To give an example.
C．To make a prediction.
D．To draw a comparison.
（3）What is Margate's attitude towards "American tech giants"？
A．Proud.
B．Friendly.
C．Dissatisfied.
D．Unconcerned.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Computers Good at Translating Spoken Language
B．Joint Efforts to Improve AI in African Languages
C．US Tech Giants Misunderstand African Languages
D．African Researchers Exchange Ideas with Tech Giants組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．Experts say over half of the world's seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing.Every two weeks one language disappears.
Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies.Or，a local language might disappear more slowly.This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents.Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people.
Throughout history，the language spoken by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.The more powerful culture rarely respects the language and culture of smaller groups.Smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power has a stronger influence.
Experts say protecting languages is very important for many reasons.Languages contain the histories，ideas and knowledge of a culture.Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines，plants and animals.
Many endangered languages are spoken by native cultures in close contact with the natural world.Their ancient languages contain a great deal of information about environmental systems and species of plants and animals that are unknown to scientists.As the last speakers of a language die off，the valuable information carried within a language also disappears.Language is，in many ways，a window to the mind and the world.
Any hope for protecting languages can be found in children and their willingness to learn.It is these young people who can keep this form of culture alive for future generations.
（1）Which of the following is true？
A．There have existed 7，000 languages in history.
B．No one can prevent languages from disappearing.
C．There will not be any local languages left some day.
D．Half of the world's languages will possibly disappear.
（2）Language is a window to the mind and the world because.
A．it represents the working of the human minds
B．local languages are more closely related to culture
C．a(chǎn)ncient languages can reveal ancient people's thoughts
D．it contains information about both culture and nature
（3）According to the passage，a language will be better protected when.
A．children are interested in learning it
B．people are forced to speak it
C．it is linked to a powerful culture
D．it keeps pace with the times
（4）The passage mainly discusses.
A．local languages
B．language protection
C．the power of language
D．language and culture組卷：1引用：1難度：0.7
第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分10.0分）第一節(jié)：翻譯句子（每句2.5分，共10分）
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10．盡管歷史跌宕起伏，中國因其古代文明一直延續(xù)至今而聞名于世。（despite）
組卷：15引用：3難度：0.3
第二節(jié)：應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）
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11．假定你是李華，你校將舉辦外國學(xué)生中文演講比賽，請給你的英國朋友George寫封郵件邀請他參加．內(nèi)容包括：
1．比賽時間；2．演講話題；3．報名方式。
注意：
1．詞數(shù)80左右；
2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。組卷：114引用：9難度：0.5