2021-2022學(xué)年江蘇省南京市鼓樓區(qū)高一（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
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1．Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.But recently some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true，or even completely false.Here are some common ones.Which are really green？
It's better to take a shower than a bath.
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower，you'll use as much water as in a bath----about 50 litres of water.Therefore，the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense：eating local food should be better for the environment，because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.Unfortunately，it is not that simple.In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.
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When we tun off a device，such as television，it goes into stand-by mode.Devices in this mode still use power，and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more.This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device，even when it is turned "off".To make sure your appliances are in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life.But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
（1）What food is more environmentally friendly？
A．It all depends.
B．None of them.
C．Local produce.
D．Non-native food.
（2）Which of the following best suits the blank？
A．When you turn off a device，it still uses power.
B．When you tun off a device，it stops using power.
C．Unplugging a device is better than turning off a device.
D．Going into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.
（3）Why does the author write this passage？
A．To tell the truth about some "green truths".
B．To call on people to protect the environment.
C．To explain the significance of energy-saving.
D．To present some practical ways to reduce waste.組卷：6引用：2難度：0.6 -
2．Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession，but the lines from the open chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring. "A Fable for Tomorrow"，show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds，she aimed to alert （使警惕） not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem---in particular，to the harmful use of pesticides （殺蟲劑），such as DDT.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants，animals and even humans，and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible，limited and carefully monitored way.
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth，which killed birds，in addition to killing gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows，but not fire ants.The book also gives dozens of other examples of removal programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson's source，showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
Silent Spring was not，however，received positively by everyone.Though Carson's research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her book，the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.
These were attempts to damage Carson's reputation（名聲）and stop her from influencing public policy，but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims---and today，more than 50 years after it was published，the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
（1）Which of the following is included in the passage？
①Background of the book
②Features of the book
③Purposes of the book
④Responses to the book
A．①②③
B．②③④
C．①③④
D．①②④
（2）Some people questioned Carson's ideas because they thought.
A．she lacked sufficient evidence
B．she was ignorant of true science
C．she was anxious to get the credit
D．she was unprofessional in that field
（3）Silent Spring is a book that.
A．reveals humans to be the ruler of the world
B．charges pesticide industry with immoral act
C．illustrates the potential danger of pesticides
D．requests people to appreciate the beauty of spring
（4）Which of the following can best describe Carson？
A．Scientific and forward-looking.
B．Ordinary and responsible.
C．Courageous and well-educated.
D．Intelligent and adventurous.組卷：4引用：1難度：0.7 -
3．Flower scents（香味）help pollinators（傳粉者）locate their favorite plants.Scientists have established that air pollutants change those scents，throwing off the tracking abilities of such beneficial insects as honeybees.But new lab experiments are the first to confirm that one pollinator，the tobacco hawkmoth，can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comes from the jasmine tobacco flower that the insect likes.
Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone，the main element in smog.In the lab，his team blew an ozone-changed scent from a tiny tube into a tunnel，with a moth （飛蛾）awaiting at the far end of the tunnel.Usually，when the moth smells the unchanged scent，it flies upwind and uses its long，skinny mouthparts to probe the tube the way that it would a flower.The researchers expected that the changed scent might throw the moth off a little.But the insect wasn't attracted at all.
In addition to scent，tobacco hawkmoths track flowers visually，so Knaden's team used the feature，along with a sweet snack，to train the moth to be attracted to a pollution-changed scent.The researchers wrapped a brightly-colored artificial flower around the tube to trick the moth back across the tunnel，despite the unfamiliar scent.And the team added sugar water to the artificial flower.After a moth was given four minutes to taste the sweet stuff，it was attracted to the new smell when sent into the tunnel 15 minutes later，even when neither the sugar water nor the visual signal of the artificial flower was present.
This study focused on only one moth species，but Knaden's team is now working on planning experiments with other pollinators that are easier to follow than tobacco hawknoths.While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was，that won't be true of every pollinator. "The situation can become very bad for insects that are not as clever or cannot see that well.I don't want the take-home message to be that pollution is not a problem."
（1）What does the underlined word "probe" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Surround.
B．Favour.
C．Access.
D．Examine.
（2）According to the passage，.
A．not all moths were attracted to ozone-changed scent as expected
B．the current research conducted by Knaden is pioneering and wide-ranging
C．not all pollinators are adaptable to human-driven changes to their environment
D．the moth didn't like the new smell without sugar water and artificial flower
（3）What's Knaden's attitude towards the finding of the study？
A．Positive.
B．Cautious.
C．Unclear.
D．Critical.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？
A．A moth can be rid of the tracking ability to locate its favourite plants.
B．A moth is able to establish a relationship between pollution and scents.
C．A moth may outsmart smog by learning to like pollution-changed scent.
D．A moth is born with an ability to adapt to the changes in the environment.組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)：應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）
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8．假定你是李華，最近在報(bào)紙上讀到了高科技給老人帶來(lái)不便的報(bào)道，感到有責(zé)任給予老人一定的幫助，請(qǐng)你給校英文報(bào)寫一封倡議信，呼吁大家一起參與。內(nèi)容包括：
1.倡議的原因；
2.如何提供幫助；
3.發(fā)出呼吁。
注意：
1.詞數(shù)80 左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear schoolmates，
__________
Li Hua組卷：3引用：2難度：0.4
第二節(jié)： 讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。
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9．Aly wandered toward the garden，where Miss Strawbridge，the landlady，was planting flowers.Last week，Aly and her parents had moved into the house in Miss Strawbridge's backyard.
Aly watched silently until the old woman looked up and asked， "Why the long face，Aly？" "There aren't any kids around here to play with." said Aly.Miss Strawbridge's blued eyes twinkled. "You should just like Rachel who used to live here." said Miss Strawbridge. "Too bad you two young girls couldn't have lived here at the same time."
"What did Rachel do when she was bored？" asked Aly. "She planted a flower garden by the shed（棚子）in the backyard." answered Miss Strawbridge.Miss Strawbridge handed Aly a trowel（鏟子）and held out a box of flowers.For the rest of the afternoon，Aly pulled the weeds，dug and planted.But when she stepped back and admired her blue and yellow flowers，she smiled.Still，it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there to share it.
The next day，Aly watered her flowers，then wondered what else she could do.She walked across the yard to the garden，where Miss Strawbridge sat reading.She stood silently until the old woman looked up. "What else did Rachel do when she was bored？" asked Aly. "She wrote poetry in her flower garden." Miss Strawbridge answered. "One of her poem even won the first prize in a contest at school.The best way to learn how to write poetry is to read poetry." She handed Aly her book.
For the rest of the afternoon，Aly lay on her stomach in the cool grass next to her flowers and read Miss Strawbridge's book of poetry.After a while，she got some paper and a pencil from her house and scribbled（亂寫）and erased.In the end she had a poem that might not be a prize winner but sounded good enough to make her smile.Still，it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there.They could have read their poems to each other.
The next day，Aly watered her flowers，then wondered what else she could do.She rushed across the yard and knocked on Miss Strawbridge's door. "What else did Rachel do when she was bored？" Asked Aly when Miss Strawbridge opened the door. "She played in the old shed and pretended it was her house." Answered Miss Strawbridge.
Aly glanced back at the shed and then at Miss Strawbridge，Miss Strawbridge twinkled. "There's nothing in the shed that you can hurt or that can hurt you." She took a key off a hook next to the door and handed it to Aly.
She raced back into the shed，only to find a few chairs and boxes resting on the dusty shelves.______
It was a trophy（獎(jiǎng)杯）with some words----First Place in Poetry.Rachel strawbridge.1937._________組卷：2引用：1難度：0.4