2023-2024學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fit s each blank.

• 1．Shampoo—do we really need to use it？ Buying shampoo can be overwhelming—there are so many brands to choose from，across a huge range of prices.Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair， （1）

  others promise to strengthen and add volume.But is any of these claims true？Do we even need shampoo at all？
      Since long before shampoo （2）

  （invent）—some say in India—our bodies have been producing sebum，an oil-like substance.Sebum stops our skin （3）

  （get） dry，manages the health of our scalp and makes our hair shiny.But it also collects dirt，and，if （4）

  （leave）untouched for too long，sebum can cause our hair to become greasy.There are no disadvantages from a health perspective to letting our hair be greasy，says Eleanore Richardson，Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic，but many people choose to wash their hair（5）

  a regular basis for aesthetic reasons.
      And so we reach for the shampoo bottle.Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfacents.They grab the dirt and grease from the surface of our hair，meaning when we rinse away the shampoo，we also wash away the grease and dirt.But， （6）

  Laura Waters，a professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis，points out，"some surfaceants work too well"and take the natural oils out of the hair，as well.Though more expensive shampoos may contain （7）

  （harsh） surfacents，the type of shampoo doesn't really matter."It's on our hair very briefly and gets washed away".It's the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the texture and feel of our hair.
      Naturally，the more we put onto our hair，the more we need to cleanse it off， （8）

  （create）a vicious circle.So，yes，it seems we do have a need for shampoo，but we also shouldn't expect it （9）

  （serve） as a miracle cure.And，finally，next time you're in a shampoo aisle，remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that，sadly，not even the most expensive shampoo （10）

  bring them back to life.See to it that you make better decisions.
  組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.accounts B.credibility C.declaring D.filtered E.pays F.particularly G.enduring H.principle I.ignoring J.reputation K.revolutionized

  The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers，who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers.Viya，known as the live-streaming queen.jye.ai already been fined ＄210 m for not （1）

  her income.The size of that levy（征收稅）shows the large scale of the industry，which（2）

  for 12% of online sales in China.
      Outside China，influencers are also likely to have a（n）（3）

  role in e-commerce.For all firms with brands，it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby.
      The use of personal endorsements（宣傳，代言） used to be about taking advantage of existing celebrity power.For example，Michael Jordan's deal in 1984 with Nike（4）

  both basketball and branding.Influencers turn the logic on its head：selling things helps make them more famous.Through clipped videos and （5）

  photos they offer recommendations to consumers，together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the （6）

  .
      Total spending on influencers by brands could reach ＄16 bn this year.The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions.However，only under 100，000 of them get most profit.Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways.Influencers' networks reach new audiences， （7）

  younger shoppers.And influencers are technologically proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were.They can quickly adapt to and utilize newer platforms like TikTok.Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers.They worry about their （8）

  .
      Despite the risk.（9）

  influencers is a mistake.Their share of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%，but it is rising fast.The borderline between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear.The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook---is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to spy on potential customers.
      To make full use of influencers，brands should set a clear strategy.They should expect more regulation on consumer protection.The guiding（10）

  should be to use only influencers who disc lose to their audiences that their posts are paid.
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A， B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．    Recently，Senator Kirste n Gillibrand of New York said that if we want to fix the gridlock（僵局） in Congress，we need more jye.ai.Women are more focused on finding common ground and （1）

  ，she argued.Besides，neuroscientists have uncovered evidence suggesting that，when the （2）

  is on，women bring unique strengths to decision making.
      Mara Mather and Nichole R.Lighthall，two cognitive neuroscientists，are two of the many researchers who have found that under normal circumstances，when everything is low-key and （3）

  ，men and women make decisions about risk in similar ways.We gather the best information we can，we （4）

  potential costs against potential gains，and then we choose how to act.（5）

  ，add stress to the situation and men and women begin to part ways.
      Dr.Mather and her team taught people a simple computer gambling game，in which they got points for inflating（給……充氣） digital balloons.The more they inflated each balloon，the greater its value，and the （6）

  of popping it.When they were relaxed，men and women took similar risks and averaged a similar number of pumps.But after experiencing the cold water，the stressed women （7）

  sooner，cashing out their winnings and going with the more guaranteed win.Stressed men did just the （8）

  .They kept pumping—in one study averaging about 50 percent more pumps than the women—and risking more.
      Of course，just because it works this way in a（n） （9）

  doesn't mean the same thing happens in the messy real world.Do organizations with women（10）

  actually make less risky and more empathetic decisions in stressful circumstances？
      Some evidence suggests they do.Credit Suisse（瑞士信貸） examined almost 2，400 global corporations from 2005 to 2011—including the years directly preceding（之前的） and （11）

  the financial crisis—and found that companies with at least one woman on their boards （12）

  comparable companies with all-male boards by 26 percent.
      （13）

  ，what often happens is that women are asked to lead only during periods of intense stress.It's called the glass cliff，in which highly qualified women are asked to lead organizations only in times of （14）

  .Think of Mary T.Barra at General Motors and Marissa Mayer at Yahoo，who were both brought in only after things had begun to fall apart.If more women were key decision makers，perhaps organizations could respond effectively to small stresses，（15）

  letting them escalate into huge ones.There's a good reason that we'd benefit from more women in positions of power.
  
  

  （1）A.socializing	B.memorizing	C.cooperating	D.deciding
  （2）A.presentation	B.pressure	C.administration	D.measure
  （3）A.understandable	B.acceptable	C.manageable	D.remarkable
  （4）A.fight	B.weigh	C.race	D.protest
  （5）A.Furthermore	B.Therefore	C.Likewise	D.However
  （6）A.sound	B.result	C.sight	D.risk
  （7）A.pumped	B.escaped	C.stopped	D.learned
  （8）A.same	B.opposite	C.great	D.latter
  （9）A.computer	B.lab	C.team	D.analysis
  （10）A.in charge	B.under control	C.in demand	D.under pressure
  （11）A.preventing	B.following	C.deepening	D.affecting
  （12）A.outweighed	B.outdated	C.outperformed	D.outsourced
  （13）A.Preciously	B.Surprisingly	C.Unfortunately	D.Arguably
  （14）A.crisis	B.prime	C.development	D.mistake
  （15）A.according to	B.along with	C.apart from	D.rather than
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．    In my hometown of Idaho Falls，beneath the elevated train tracks that paralleled West Yellowstone Highway，there was a hidden gem that aroused my curiosity.A small opening in the hill，easily missed if one wasn't attentive，attracted me with its half-moon shape and stone-framed edges.Although it looked pointless，brilliant light poured through，creating a tapestry of thin trees covered in delicate，light green leaves—a symbol of freshness and new beginnings—and illuminating the space.
      That image remains vivid in my mind，evoking a fanciful notion of a gateway to a secret world where wood nymphs and fairies have fun.I imagined an embrace of beautiful light，a peaceful place where I would feel secure and understood.
      As a teenager，armed with a driver's license，I fantasized about driving to that spot and finally stepping through the opening.However，I knew deep down that the moment I ventured closer，the enchantment（魔法） would disappear like morning mist.
      Even in adulthood，I had a knack for summoning enchantment.I could marvel at drifting clouds，sensing their magical dance.Old forests showed an otherworldly wisdom，and seemingly coincidental events held a mystical fascination.But the pandemic，like a thief in the night，robbed me of that gift.Confined to our homes，the cries of our children merged with our own as we wrestled with teaching them reading and math.Weeks stretched into months，and months into years，eroding my ability to find enchantment in the boring life，leaving only the residue of a COVID-infected existence.
      So when I picked up Katherine May's newest book and read this bit，it felt really familiar：
  "I have lost some fundamental part of my knowing，some basic human feeling.Without it，the world feels li ke tap water left overnight，flat and chemical，short of life.I am like lightning seeking earth.Uneasy.I need a better way to walk through this life.I want to be enchanted again."
      May has written an entire book about this，appropriately titled Enchantment：Awakening Wonder in an Anxious Age.I dog-eared almost every page in this book，as they mirrored my own experiences.It was a confirmation I desperately needed— the realization that I wasn't alone in my struggle.May's exploration of curiosity，imagination，and the quest for meaning in our lives became a profound reminder of the path I yearned to rediscover.Therefore，I can't wait to recommend this book to jye.ai.You won't be disappointed；you have my word.
  
  （1）The first three paragraphs talk about

  .
  A.how the author discovered a hidden opening in her hometown
  B.what role a secret world plays in kids fascinated with fairy tales
  C.how the author holds onto a sense of wonder as a curious child
  D.why there is an inevitable loss of enchantment upon inspection
  （2）Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the passage？

  
  A.draining up
  B.calling up
  C.stepping up
  D.filling up
  （3）What can you infer from the passage？

  
  A.The author identifies with the content in May's newest book.
  B.The author enjoy s reading books in the company of her dog.
  C.The pandemic has taken away the author's ability to read.
  D.May's newest book serves as a reminder of the boring past.
  （4）The purpose of this passage is to

  .
  A.compare ways to find enchantment in life
  B.recommend May's newest book to readers
  C.explain why a sense of wonder is important
  D.introduce the author's fascinating childhood
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．如今，病人能很便捷地下載他們的醫(yī)療記錄以獲取諸如檢測(cè)結(jié)果之類的信息，大大節(jié)省了時(shí)間和精力。（thus）
  組卷：2引用：1難度：0.6

  解析

Guided Writing Directions： Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

• 13．假設(shè)你是李華。前幾日，你邀請(qǐng)好友吳新下周六前往郊野公園徒步。因?yàn)槁吠具b遠(yuǎn)、交通不便、擔(dān)心體力等原因，吳新猶豫不決。寫封郵件說服吳新與你一同前往。在郵件中，你必須：
  （1）對(duì)吳新的顧慮提出解決辦法；
  （2）說明周末徒步的理由。
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析