2021-2022學(xué)年上海市奉城高級(jí)中學(xué)高二（上）期中英語試卷

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．The postponement of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for a year has raised concerns over a （1）

  （reduce） marketing period for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics，but analysts believe the impact will be limited.
      The Tokyo 2020 Olympics， （2）

  sponsorship revenue has exceeded ﹩ 3.1 billion，has been rescheduled to be held from July 23 to August 8 in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic，shortening the Olympic marketing period for the Beijing Winter Olympics（3）

  （hold） in February 2022.
      Ren Hai，a professor at the Olympic Research Center of the Beijing Sports University，claimed on Tuesday， "There will of course be an impact，but I think the impact will be limited，as the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics are different in terms of sports and disciplines，" Ren said. "Historically，the two different Olympics（4）

  （host） very close together." Ren was referring to the period from 1924 to 1992（5）

  both the Winter and Summer Olympics were held in the same year.
      He Wenyi，executive director of the China Institute for Sports Value，Peking University，said the reason（6）

  the limited impact on Winter Olympics marketing is that China has relatively few winter sports stars.China has won 224 gold medals in the Summer Olympics since 1980，compared with only 13 champions in the Winter Games.The last Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang，South Korea，saw China（7）

  （bag） only one gold medal，in short track speed skating.Summer Olympics sports are widely popular in China（8）

  winter sports are yet to enjoy the same kind of popularity，though the country has vowed to get 300 million people to participate in winter sports by the year 2022.
      "But the promotional events of Beijing 2022 are unlikely（9）

  （affect），as the novel coronavirus epidemic is under control in China，" He Wenyi said，adding the virus spread might lead to a change in（10）

  sports sponsorship is done worldwide.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A．directly	B．popularity	C．regular	D．sustainability	E．a(chǎn)rousing	F．restoring
  G．estimate	H．demand	I．mainstream	J．definitely	K．track

  Smart Homes Around the Corner Internet-connected lights，locks and laundry machines are close to becoming everyday household items，thanks in part to voice-activated speakers such as Amazon's Echo and Google Home．
     The market has witnessed increasing sales of lights that turn off when you say "good night，" smart locks that let in your friends before you get home，and other smart-home gadgets （小配件）．Smart speakers and their digital assistants also have been growing in（1）

  ．From your couch，you can ask these smart assistants to play your favorite music，check the weather，order pizza or （2）

  flights．
     While the devices are still relatively expensive-you can get six （3）

  light bulbs for the price of a single smart one- （4）

  is likely to pick up further as prices fall in the future．
     Moreover，the more people use such speakers，it turns out，the more things they want them to do．In some cases，that leads （5）

  to other smart gadgets for the home．People who own an Echo are （6）

  more likely to install other smart gadgets，said David Limp，Amazon's senior vice president of devices and services． "They don't start by rewiring the whole home．They start with a switch．" That switch，known as a smart plug，can make any appliance remote-controllable by cutting or （7）

  its power-just ask an assistant to turn it off or on．
     U．S．sales of smart speakers have more than tripled （增至三倍） to nearly 25 million in 2017，as shown by a CTA （Commodity Trading Advisors） （8）

  ．They're expected to grow further this year，to about 36 million，as Apple's HomePod joins the competition．
     Smart-home products such as lights and security cameras are lagging behind，but they have been catching up． "We're still in the early stages，" said Jeff Patton，a smart-home executive at General Electric． "While the gadgets aren't yet （9）

  ，" he said， "average people are much more aware of them"．
     Alex Hawkinson，CEO of Samsung's Smart Things smart-home business，said that about half of his new customers are coming because of smart speakers " （10）

  a lot of excitement．" Once people get their first smart product，such as a smart plug，they are likely to buy more，market researchers say．They also tell friends and neighbors about them，and might buy some as gifts．
  組卷：14引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage， there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods，the need to buy things，is a relatively modern invention，but in fact its roots go back to the dawn of humanity.Trade or "shopping" is certainly a（n）（1）

  passion，and existed before our ancestors invented writing，laws，cities or farming，even before they used metal to make tools.
     Humans are born to（2）

  ；and we don't need shops or money to do it.Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the（3）

  of food and other essentials comes naturally，as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits and debits involved.And once trade begins，the（4）

  benefits are hard to resist.
     Until less than fifty years ago，a group of coastal aboriginals（土著居民）in northern Australia traded fish hooks，along a chain of trading partners，with people living 400 miles（5）

  ，who cut and polished local stone to make axes.Every individual along the chain made a（6）

  in the form of hooks or axes，even if he produced neither himself.And both groups of "manufacturers"，by concentrating on things they could produce（7）

  and exchanging them for other things they needed，benefited as a result.
     Trade in the necessities of life，such as food and simple tools，is not really（8）

  ，considering the（9）

  between these basic items and survival.What is surprising，though，is that our taste for（10）

  items - objects with no obvious survival value - also goes back a long way.Archaeologists（考古學(xué)家）used to think that "customer service" first began about 40，000 years ago.However，recent findings in Africa，of art，jewellery，cosmetics and decorative objects，are pushing the（11）

  of consumerism much further back into human "prehistory".
     In South Africa，100，000-year-old decorative dyes（染料）have been found in a region where none were produced；it is thought that these goods had been（12）

  at least 30 kilometres away.
     Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the（13）

  societies in which we live today.Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by simple axes and fishing hooks，but their modern（14）

  - fast cars and expensive clothes - hold the（15）

  fascination for us as "trade goods" did for people 100，000 years ago.
  
  

  （1）	A．untouchable	B．temporary	C．wild	D．a(chǎn)ncient
  （2）	A．work	B．eat	C．trade	D．sell
  （3）	A．stock	B．donation	C．exchange	D．growth
  （4）	A．economic	B．educational	C．mental	D．physical
  （5）	A．inland	B．a(chǎn)broad	C．a(chǎn)lone	D．well
  （6）	A．list	B．profit	C．difference	D．living
  （7）	A．moderately	B．peacefully	C．occasionally	D．efficiently
  （8）	A．flourishing	B．universal	C．inspiring	D．surprising
  （9）	A．link	B．difference	C．balance	D．similarity
  （10）	A．business	B．luxury	C．essential	D．outstanding
  （11）	A．a(chǎn)pproach	B．improvements	C．origins	D．memory
  （12）	A．displayed	B．bought	C．kept	D．a(chǎn)dvertised
  （13）	A．complex	B．classless	C．unfair	D．fashionable
  （14）	A．equivalents	B．systems	C．usages	D．technologies
  （15）	A．a(chǎn)wful	B．strange	C．childish	D．same
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．"Oh，you're so lucky living in Bath，it's such as wonderful，lovely，historic place." People say，and all you can think of is the awful parking，the tourist crowding，the expensive shops，and the terrible traffic ...
     Luckily，I don't live in Bath but nearly ten miles away in a village called Limpley Stoke in the Avon Valley.It seems to be normal in the countryside these days for professional people who owrk in the town to prefer to live in the villages；this makes the housing so expensive that the villagers and agricultural workers have to live in the cheaper houses in town，with the result that the farmers commute out to the farm and everyone else commutes in.Certainly，there's nobody in the village who could be called and old-style villager.The people nearest to me include pilot，a British Rail manager，a retired French teach ...not a farm worker among them.But I don't think there is anything wrong with that -- it's just that the nature of villages is changing and there is still quite a strong sense of community here.A lot of this sense of community comes from the Post Office，which is a centre for all the information.I find out what is going on while I am there，pretending to control my two-year-old son.He enjoys anything he can touch at the lowest level of the shop，where there a big pile of cards saying "Congratulations on your 9th birthday" and a collecting tin for the "Save the Children" charity which he always picks up and tries to run away with.My feeling is that if my son took the money collected for the children it would go directly where it as needed，but they don't see it like that.
     Working at home，I like to wander around the village at times when other people are at the office，which has given me a reputation for being lazy or rich，but I still don't get enough time to look after the garden we bought.My wife had a good idea for the first year. "Let's just leave it and see what comes up." We did.There were some nice plants among the weeds.She had a good idea for the second year as well. "Why don't we leave it and see if it all comes up again？" We did，and that is why need to hire a full-time gardener this year.
  
  （1）What is the author's attitude to Bath？

  
  A．It is a wonderful place to live in.
  B．It has far too many disadvantages.
  C．He feels fortunate to live there.
  D．It has many good shops.
  （2）The people who live in the village

  .
  A．tend to work on the farms
  B．a(chǎn)re mostly professionals who work in the town
  C．a(chǎn)re unable to afford houses in the town
  D．don't like the old-style villagers
  （3）The garden is not in very good condition because

  .
  A．the author is too lazy to look after it
  B．the author cannot afford to pay a gardener
  C．the author's wife has no interest in it
  D．nobody has worked on it for over two years
  （4）The author feels that living in the village

  .
  A．is better than living in Bath
  B．has a number of disadvantages
  C．tends to be rather dull
  D．is something that everyone would enjoy
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 5．

  Scholarship Application Tips in 2020 for college students

  ● Before you apply ? Work hard to get good grades.Don't sweat about one bad grade，but always strive to do your beset. ? Get involved，and stay involved，in out-of-class activities.Sports，clubs，drama，bands and orchestras - these often count toward a student's overall scholarship application evaluation.The same goes for paid （or unpaid） work experience. ? Begin your scholarship research early - by your sophomore or junior year of high school，if possible.Make special note of application deadlines，as they can vary from late summer to late spring. ? Apply for as many scholarships as you are qualified for -- several smaller scholarships can ad up to a lot of money. ● During the application process ? Read the supplementary materials that come with scholarship application forms to better understand the program's focus （community service，subject interest）.Try to answer the questions with the focus area in mind. ? Answer questions as they are asked.Don't go off topic. ? If there is a financial section to the application，make sure you get accurate and complete information from all appropriate sources to ensure your qualification. ? Take your time.Write down everything you can think of for each question，then set the application aside for a day so you can look everything over again before you send it off. ? Don't wait until the last minute to complete your application，especially if you are applying online.Computer systems can get blocked with the large volume of applicants hoping to submit their qualifications during the last few days and hours before a deadline. ? If a third party has to complete part of your application，such as providing a letter of recommendation，make sure you ask them early on and remind them as often as necessary to ensure they provide you with the necessary materials. ? Last but not least，review your application with your parents to make sure you haven't left out any important details. Good luck to the students applying for the 2018 scholarship programs!

  （1）Before you apply for a scholarship，it's best to

  .
  A．pay more attention to grades than to out-of-class activities
  B．focus on only one scholarship application
  C．get as much work experience as possible
  D．begin your preparation as early as possible
  （2）When you are answering questions on the application form，you should

  .
  A．focus on the subject you are interested in
  B．a(chǎn)nswer to the point
  C．list your advantages
  D．prove your abilities
  （3）The author suggests that applicants should

  .
  A．submit the application in the last few days
  B．double-check their application with their parents
  C．complete and submit the application in one day
  D．a(chǎn)void submitting the application online
  組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 6．The definition of the standard kilogram is fundamentally imperfect.Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.
     Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use - quantities such as speed，density，or electric power.All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined in terms of natural properties that are beyond human control.
     For example，the standard second （time） is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation released by atoms of a special metal.The standard meter （length），in turn，is defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fraction of a second.
     Not so the kilogram.This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（鉑-銥合金筒）locked away by the international Bureau of Weighs & Measures in France.
     Embarrassingly，the last time the copies were brought for a checkup in the 1980s，officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s.This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.
     No one knows what causes the weight changes.But the uncertainty can't be tolerated when precision in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.
     Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.
     A project of the latter type at the NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg hopes eventually to define mass in terms of electrical units.So far，none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit.They require precision of measurement and control of experimental conditions.The slightest pollution，tiny vibrations，or other influences - even changes in weather - can ruin results.You've got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but fundamentally important research.
  
  （1）Which of the following best paragraphs the sentences "Not so the kilogram." in paragraph 4？

  
  A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.
  B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.
  C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.
  D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.
  （2）The author introduced the examination of copies of platinum-iridium alloy cylinder in the 1980s to indicate that

  .
  A．the cause of weight changes had been found
  B．such kind of checkups had been carried out regularly
  C．the changes in weight challenged the definition of kilogram
  D．the consequences of such changes were significant in research
  （3）According to the passage，to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units

  .
  A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram
  B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition project
  C．is not as difficult as what people can understand
  D．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach
  （4）We can known from the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is

  .
  A．more important in keeping market honesty
  B．worth years of scientists' painstaking research
  C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing
  D．bringing about important and fruitful results
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

二、Section CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

• 7．

  A.And I know that I have absolutely nothing to complain about. B.We all are dissatisfied with something. C.We all need to stop complaining. D.There are few things I enjoy more than my geographic isolation. E.While I may not love where I live，there are plenty of people who are proud to call this place home. F.Few of my friends understand why I am always complaining.

  I have lived in rural America for nine years，first in Michigan，where I got my PhD；then in central Illinois and now in Indiana，where I am a professor.In a place where most people have lived the whole of their lives，I feel like a stranger - someone on the outside looking in.
     （1）

  I'm a vegetarian and particular about food，so there's nowhere that isn't 50 miles away to go for a nice dinner.I'm black，so there's nowhere that doesn't involve another 50-mile drive to get my hair done.
     I recite those complaints to my parents，my brothers and my friends.Sometimes，it seems like that complains are the common topic in my circle.（2）

  Back in Illinois，my friends complained about the train to Chicago and how it was never on time.Now，my friends in bigger cities complain about the expensive rent and strange smells on the subway.
     Complaining allows us to acknowledge the imperfect things without having to take action.We all have grand ideas about what life would be like if only we had this，did that or lived there.Not everyone in this world，however，has the same philosophy of life. （3）

  At a party with colleagues，I was going on about everything I couldn't stand in our town when I noticed that they were silent and shifting uncomfortably.That humbling moment forced a shift in me.
     Complaining may offer relief，but so does acceptance.There is no perfect place or life.There will always be something to complain about.By focusing on dissatisfaction，I risk missing out on precious moments of appreciation.Those times when，during a drive home from airport，I stare at the breathtaking shades of green；at the wooden barns，their paint peeling and faded；and at pieces of farm equipment，massive but with poetry in how they move across the land.When I got home，I stand on my balcony，look up the night sky and see the stars. （4）

  Life is so beautiful that I should focus on enjoying life rather than complaining.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

VI. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 22．因?yàn)槿缃窠∩矸克奶幱楷F(xiàn)，消費(fèi)者有了諸多選擇，所以越來越多的人下班后忙于鍛煉。（engage）
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6

  解析

VII. Guided WritingDirections：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

• 23．一心多用（multi-tasking）就是指同時(shí)干好幾樣事情，比如，一邊做作業(yè)一邊看電視，或者一邊上網(wǎng)一邊和家人交談，對(duì)此專家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，同時(shí)做幾件事不僅不會(huì)提高效率，而且對(duì)大腦有害，可能引發(fā)多種疾病。
  請(qǐng)寫一篇作文，文章必須包含以下要點(diǎn)：
  ? 簡(jiǎn)述該現(xiàn)象；
  ? 結(jié)合生活中的例子談?wù)勀銓?duì)"一心多用"的看法。
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析