2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)高一（下）期末英語試卷

第二部分 閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

• 1．    When places are well-known and popular— historical and modern alike— we might take it for granted that they'll be around forever.But sadly，many of the world's best known and culturally significant landmarks are in trouble.
     Mount Kilimanjaro's peak
     This mountain，one of the Seven Summits，proves that even giants can fall to climate change due to the vast amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.While the mountain itself，located in Tanzania，isn't in danger at present，its iconic snow cap might disappear—and shockingly soon.Research found that the snow cap had lost 85% of the total area of its ice fields between 1912 and 2007，and the remaining ice could be history as early as 2030.
     Machu Picchu
     Located in southern Peru，Machu Picchu is the remains of a huge stone castle that was built during the 15th century.These unbelievable Incan ruins are widely considered one of the must-see spots in South America.However，the site has been a victim of over-tourism，seeing the harmful effects of the crowds it gets as they wear down the structures.In addition，the area surrounding Machu Picchu has seen rapid development of the cities，as well as mudslides and fires，in recent years，leading UNESCO to work for its protection.
     Everglades National Park
     This stunning Floridian wildlife reserve has sadly found itself fighting for its life in recent years.As 'the largest subtropical wilderness reserve' in North America，according to UNESCO，it's been a beloved travel destination for American citizens for decades，but the damage of time and human activity have not been kind to it.Its survival first came into question after it was destroyed by Hurricane Andrew in 1993.But it's human influence that has become the primary threat，as water flow to the site has decreased and the impacts of pollution have increased，resulting in harmful algal blooms （赤潮）.Its vast，diverse wildlife is more threatened than ever before.
  
  （1）Which problem does Mount Kilimanjaro face？

  
  A．Global warming
  B．City development.
  C．Over-tourism
  D．Ice pollution.
  （2）What do these three places have in common？

  
  A．They are the impacts of pollution and mudslides.
  B．They are destroyed severely due to over-tourism.
  C．They are famous but affected by human activities.
  D．They are considered as victims of global warming.
  （3）What is threatened by human activity in Everglades National Park？

  
  A．Lack of popularity.
  B．Hurricane Andrew.
  C．Algal blooms.
  D．Diverse wildlife.
  組卷：8引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．    People have always had trouble pronouncing his name.The 19th-century British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli was once laughed at in Parliament for getting it wrong.If you don't speak German，it's not at all obvious how you are supposed to say it.A safe bet is to start with a hard 'g' on 'Ger...' and end with a 'ter'：Ger-ter.
     Johann Wolfgang von Goethe has often been seen as one of Europe's big cultural heroes— comparable to the likes of Shakespeare，Dante and Homer.He was excellent in a wide range of areas：he wrote many poems，was a huge hit as a novelist and made scientific contributions in physiology，geology and botany.He was also a diplomat，fashion guru （專家），a senior civil servant，the head of a university，a fine artist，an adventurous traveller，the director of a theatre company and the head of a mining company.
     During his life，Goethe's admirers were impressed by his literary works.But more than any of his books，what impressed people at the time was how he lived his life，the kind of person he was.The life was more significant than the books （which helps explain why，unlike Jane Austen or Marcel Proust，his literary works are relatively unknown）.
     Goethe was born in the city of Frankfurt in 1749.His family was comfortably off—it was new money，made from keeping an inn.
     Goethe's parents took great care with his schooling：he was mainly educated at home；he wrote poetry for his friends，took art classes，and learned Italian.He went to the theatre a lot and became friends with actors.As a member of the upper class，he wore a sword in public from the age of 12.
     Goethe studied at the University of Leipzig and later did a master's degree in law at the University of Strasbourg.He often went to a viewing platform high up on a nearby cathedral tower.He was afraid of heights.But he made himself do it because he liked to overcome difficulties—and loved the view.
  
  （1）Why was Benjamin Disraeli laughed at in Parliament？

  
  A．He pronounced his own name wrongly.
  B．He didn't know how to speak German.
  C．He couldn't say Goethe's name correctly.
  D．He once wrote Goethe as Ger-ter mistakenly.
  （2）What is special about Goethe，compared to Shakespeare，Dante and Homer？

  
  A．He did well in a variety of fields.
  B．He was a British big cultural hero.
  C．He was one of the literature masters.
  D．He wrote numerous novels and poems.
  （3）What can we know about Goethe？

  
  A．Goethe ran an inn with comfortable rooms by himself.
  B．Goethe's parents devoted themselves to his education.
  C．Goethe's literary works impressed people most at his time.
  D．Goethe belonged to the upper class due to his royal family.
  （4）Which can best describe Goethe's personality？

  
  A．Cautious and famous.
  B．Selfless and confident.
  C．Honest and generous.
  D．Brave and intelligent.
  組卷：16引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．    The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the first large-scale sea crossing transportation project under China's "One Country，Two Systems" policy.Jointly constructed by Guangdong，F(xiàn)ong Kong，and Macao，the bridge is a mega sea crossing system linking Hong Kong，Zhuhai，and Macao.
     The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the longest，most difficult to construct，and the highest- standard cross-sea transportation project in China's history.It is regarded as the "Qomolangma" of the bridge industry.The bridge is also part of the C4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway and G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway within China's national expressway network.
     The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge starts at Lantau Island in Hong Kong，passes through Tai O，crosses the Pearl River Estuary （河口），and its Y-shaped section at the end connects Zhuhai and Macao.The total length of the bridge is 55 km.Its sea section is around 35.578 km long while its underwater tunnel stretches 6.75 km.The construction cost of the bridge exceeded 100 billion yuan.It was jointly funded by the central government and the governments of Guangdong，Hong Kong，and Macao，which will collect tolls on the bridge for 50 years.
     There were many updated technologies in the construction and installation of the Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.The project also made multiple breakthroughs in infrastructure （基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施） construction in which the government cooperated with domestic and foreign companies.These experiences will be useful for the Chinese government in the construction of future large-scale engineering projects.
     As China continues to advance the Belt and Road Initiative，the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will offer new force to the economy of the region.The bridge will increase the attractiveness and influence of Zhuhai，promote the cooperation of Hong Kong，Zhuhai，and Macao in logistics，tourism，and other industries，and drive the economic and social integration of Hong Kong，Macao，and Zhuhai.It will also help strengthen the ties between the three places and facilitate the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area，which is strategically important to the Belt and Road Initiative.
  
  （1）What is the meaning of the underlined word "mega" in Paragraph 1？

  
  A．diverse
  B．great
  C．broad
  D．rare
  （2）Why is "Qomolangma" mentioned in Paragraph 2？

  
  A．It shows the bridge is very famous in the world.
  B．It indicates the bridge is very high above the sea.
  C．It suggests the difficulties in constructing the bridge.
  D．It stresses its importance in the national development.
  （3）What is the significance of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge？

  
  A．It has the longest underwater part of the bridge in the world.
  B．It strengthens the development and bond of these three places.
  C．It has helped the government earn over 100 billion yuan so far.
  D．It is the only one of the large-scale engineering projects by China.
  （4）Which column can you find this passage in？

  
  A．Science & Technology.
  B．Geography & Travel.
  C．Education & Career.
  D．Economy & Finance.
  組卷：12引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 4．    Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary.We know the risk of dementia （癡呆） increases with age.But if you have memory slips，you probably needn't worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
     After age 50，it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people，places and thing quickly，says Dr.Smith of Brigham and Woman's Hospital in Boston.
     The brain ages just like the rest of the body.Certain parts shrink （萎縮），especially areas in the brain that are important to learning，memory and planning.Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels （血管） narrow.
     Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie，for example，is nothing to worry about.But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't re member even seeing it，that's far more concerning，Smith says.
     When you forget entire experiences，he says，that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven，or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
     But even then，Dr.Smith says，people shouldn't panic.There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss，including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep，high blood pressure，or depression，as well as medications like antidepressants.
     You don't have to figure this out on your own.Dr.Smith suggests going to your doctor to check on medications，health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive （認(rèn)知的） reserve，Dr.Smith says.
     "Read books，go to movies，take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways，" he says.In other words，keep your brain busy and working.And also get physically active，because exercise is a known brain booster （助推器）.
  
  （1）Why is it common for the aged to experience memory loss？

  
  A．The related parts of brain get aged and smaller.
  B．The communication of brain regions is stopped.
  C．The brain cells of memory change their positions.
  D．The slow blood flows result in narrow blood vessels.
  （2）What can we do to fight against the memory loss？

  
  A．Check health problems in the hospital.
  B．Take medicine to regain your brain cells.
  C．Take part in physical and mental activities.
  D．Build up a completely new cognitive region.
  （3）Which of the situation warns us to see a doctor？

  
  A．John doesn't know how to operate a new printer.
  B．Anne has forgotten her usual way to the park near home.
  C．Jack can't remember the name of an actor in a soup opera.
  D．Amy is confused with her friends' addresses occasionally.
  （4）What is the best title of the text？

  
  A．What Causes Memory Loss
  B．Have You Lost Thinking Ability
  C．How Does Brain Booster Work
  D．Have You Really Got Dementia
  組卷：15引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

• 5．You Are a Better Person Than You Think You Are Maybe you haven't achieved goals in a self-appointed time frame.（1）

  But this doesn't mean you are a bad person or a failure.You could indeed be a wonderful individual.You could actually be a much better person than you believe you are.So，let's examine the idea that you might be better than you think.
     You show kindness
     Being polite and kind is the mark of a good person.When you do this，you are treating others like you would want to be treated.（2）

  Even the smallest of things do not go unnoticed and are traits that you have a good heart.
     You are a positive person
     Keeping an optimistic attitude is also a trait of a good person with a powerful character.It is easy to become negative with all the bad things going on in the world，but there's another way to look at these things.When you're actually better than you think，you will have the habit of looking on the bright side of every situation and seeing the best in everyone.（3）

  
     （4）

  
     Being wise is not about being intelligent.It's about learning from life experiences.Why does this make you a better person than you think？Wisdom can be passed to others to help them avoid the same mistakes you made.You are a good person if you've collected wisdom and love to share lessons with others.
     So，go easy on yourself.Appreciate who you are.If there are things you need to change，that's okay.（5）

  It's about our attitude and our heart.I bet，if you took the time to read this，you are a better person than you think.
  
  A.You give honest comments.
  B.It's just all about showing optimism.
  C.We all have problems and imperfections.
  D.You are wise，and you share your wisdom.
  E.Maybe you have made many mistakes as well.
  F.Respecting others and their space shows adulthood，which is a sign of a truly good person.
  G.This may include opening doors for others or picking up change for people in front of you at the checkout line.
  組卷：23引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

第三部分 語言運(yùn)用第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C 和 D) 中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 6．    There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye.Although.（1）

  gestures，the woman moved steadily （平穩(wěn)地），and there was no hesitation in her gestures.She was as（2）

  as anyone else，as her movements suggested.And she had a job to do.
  The old woman left from her（3）

  son and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf.After the slightest hesitation，I（4）

  and asked if I could help her find something.The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title written on a piece of paper.The title was unusual and a bit difficult to understand.（5）

  a person looking for it knew something about movies，and had a special taste of it.
  Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman，I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could（6）

  it.I think I wanted to enjoy her（7）

  for a moment.Something about her deliberate movements（8）

  me of my own mother，who had passed away last year.
  We found the（9）

  ，and I praised her on her choice.She smiled and told me it was one she had enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. "Maybe，" she said，with a little bit（10）

  ， "he could enjoy it with his own young children."
  I showed the old woman the way to the queue at the cash register.When the older woman's（11）

  in line came，she paid in cash，counting out the dollars and coins with the same（12）

  she'd displayed earlier.
  I walked over to the old woman's son and told him to（13）

  her，because when she's gone，it's the little moments that'll come back.It's true.I（14）

  my mom still and remembered the moments when I'd used my impatience to make her（15）

  .
  
  

  （1）	A．slow	B．friendly	C．shameful	D．graceful
  （2）	A．pretty	B．delighted	C．painful	D．good
  （3）	A．busy	B．impatient	C．delightful	D．helpful
  （4）	A．stood up	B．stepped back	C．walked over	D．went around
  （5）	A．Clearly	B．Generally	C．Eventually	D．Frequently
  （6）	A．hear	B．write	C．find	D．choose
  （7）	A．praise	B．company	C．movement	D．literature
  （8）	A．informed	B．warned	C．freed	D．reminded
  （9）	A．movie	B．song	C．choice	D．title
  （10）	A．a(chǎn)nxiety	B．sadness	C．pride	D．determination
  （11）	A．opportunity	B．ride	C．change	D．turn
  （12）	A．taste	B．beauty	C．sureness	D．satisfaction
  （13）	A．treasure	B．reward	C．benefit	D．tend
  （14）	A．helped	B．thanked	C．missed	D．phoned
  （15）	A．strict	B．upset	C．scared	D．unique
  組卷：22引用：4難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

• 7．    People visited Haikou，capital city of South China's Hainan province to experience the city's Qilou culture on a "A Date with China" international media tour on Monday.
     Historical Qilou，or sotto portico，（1）

  is well-preserved in Haikou city，is a kind of Nanyang-style arcade building（2）

  a strong mix of Chinese and Western architectural features.The east-meet-west architectural style has made（3）

  one of the most unique street landscapes in the city，with over 600（4）

  （exist） sotto portico buildings in 12 streets.
     The sotto portico building（5）

  （have） a columned and covered porch available to all pedestrians.It functions as a sidewalk during（6）

  （rain），which are frequent because of the tropical climate.The space can also be used by stores to put products（7）

  （attract） customers.
     The oldest sotto portico building of the city，Sipailou，（8）

  （build） in the Southern Song Dynasty and has（9）

  history of more than 700 years.
     The sotto portico old streets in Haikou，in the process of historical development，condense many cultural connotations，such as Haikou's folk culture，Nanyang culture，Confucian culture and so on.At the same time，various（10）

  （tradition） folk arts have taken root and grown here.
  組卷：20引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)根據(jù)所給的漢語提示，補(bǔ)全下列句子，使其句意完整，結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確。每條橫線的空格上限填一詞。

• 22． 最初的地震之后發(fā)生了一系列余震。
  The initial earthquake was followed by

  aftershocks
  組卷：8引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第三節(jié)

• 23．假定你是李華。你的英國朋友 Anne 對中國春節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)"年廿八洗邋遢"很感興趣，請你再給 Anne 的回信中介紹"年廿八洗邋遢"的意義和活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，并邀請她來中國。
  參考詞匯：年廿八 December 28 of the lunar calendar
  注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
  （2）可適當(dāng)拓展細(xì)節(jié)。
  Dear Anne，
  ______
  Yours，Li Hua
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析