上海實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高三（上）開(kāi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷

II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．Young Chinese are rebelling against society through a simple act of resistance：lying down.Examples of the tangping，or "lying flat，" way of life （1）

  （include） not getting married，not having children，and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all.
      "I stay at home and sleep and watch television series.Sometimes I go out for walks，read books and just think a lot，" said Daisy Zhang，28，who described herself as "lying flat" for the last two weeks （2）

  leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.
      Tangping （3）

  （emerge） over the last few months as the rallying call of Chinese millennials who have had enough of the rat race.Some compare them to the 1950s.Boat Generation in the United States. （4）

  call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or "ideological emancipation" from consumerism.Supporters portray it as a rejection of struggle and endless striving.Critics say it is defeatist.
      "People realize there is no upward mobility，" said Yicheng Wang，a PhD student in political science at Boston University （5）

  studies propaganda and popular discourse. "It's a negative acceptance： 'My life is like this.It will always be like this.'
      The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum where the author，unempolyed for the last two years，described a low-effort，low-cost lifestyle that consisted of working just a few months out of the year.
      "Lying flat is my sophistic movement，" he wrote，referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes，who was known for living in a barrel.He posted a picture of himself lying in end in the middle of the day with the curtains （6）

  （draw）.
      In the following weeks，a "lying flat" group on the online forum Douban surged to -9，000 members.Internet users identified themselves as "lying flatists，" （7）

  （post） photos of eats and seals lying supine.
      But （8）

  tangping gained popularity，it also drew a level of opprobirum.Nanfang Daily called the philosophy "shameful." Global Times made light of it，describing "lying flat" as "not a serious philosophy." The Youth League pointed out that young medical workers on the front lines during the pandemic "never chose to lie down."
      For Zhang in Wuxi，lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society. "Many people want to lie down because 996 is too tiring，" she said，referring to the notorious hours common in tech industry， （9）

  staff are expected to work from 9 a.m.jye.ai 9 p.m.，six days a week.The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break.On Douban，new groups have emerged that support "lying down and then standing up." Zhang，who is thinking about getting into media，says she has started sending out resumes.
  "I'm interviewing for jobs while writing a little and looking for direction，" （10）

  nothing "too active，" she said. "It's better than doing nothing."
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．A.definitely B.suffering C.acceptance D.discouraged E.supposedly F.terms
  G.optimism H.sustained I.punishing J.favored K.obstacle
  
     Happiness is not natural.It is a mere human construct（構(gòu)想）.A state of contentment （let alone happiness） is （1）

  by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.
     Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive ghost，but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets.Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale，a colorful American pastor， （2）

  by several!Republican presidents，including Richard Nixon and Donald Trump.He invented "positive thinking"，a concept now deeply embedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence.The global personal development industry was valued at ﹩38.28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5.1%.
     Popular films and books are full of （3）

  inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you'll be able to achieve anything in life.This is simply，and obviously，not true.I don't think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable，or unsurmountable.Our ancestors knew this，and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the （4）

  that being a five is a very challenging task，which comes with significant amounts of suffering.It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of well-being and minimize our suffering，but the end result cannot be a state of （5）

  happiness.We are not designed that way.
     The self-help genre is not a homogeneous beast，however.It is，in fact，ironic how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are lumped together in the same bookshop shelves，given that many of the former tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main （6）

  to happiness.
     The inevitable clash（爭(zhēng)論，分歧）between mandatory （7）

  and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price.It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their （8）

  ，as it is based on the misconception that unhappiness is entirely avoidable.It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent.Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds，which is much more （9）

  psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.
     I believe that coming to （10）

  with life as it is，and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be，will make us happier，and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world.Unfortunately，the devil always has the best tunes.
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

III.Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage， there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．One firm's crisis is another's opportunity.A shortage of semiconductors has helped pump up the valuations of firms such as Nvidia，whose chips（芯片）power everything from video-gaming to machine learning and data centres.But boom time for sellers means （1）

  for buyers.
     Carmakers，whose products have become computers on wheels，are among the victims.Profits at Ford，America's second-biggest carmaker by volume，fell by half in the most recent quarter amid a global shortage of chips.Analysts say the industry might build around 5 m fewer cars this year，all （2）

  their tiniest components.
     Carmakers are not the only firms feeling the pinch.Apple and Microsoft have also warned that they will be affected.Politicians are being drawn in，too.Chips will be on the （3）

  later this month when America's vice-president，Kamala Harris，visits Vietnam，which has a flourishing electronics industry.Angela Merkel，the outgoing German chancellor，has lamented Europe's small share of global chip production.
     The shortage is the result of a sudden surge in demand.Chip-making is a （4）

  business which，between the peaks and troughs，has been enjoying strong growth for decades as computers creep into every corner of society.That trend was （5）

  by the pandemic.Locked-down consumers shopped online，logged into meetings remotely，and wiled away the hours with video-streaming and video-gaming.The result has been a sharp increase in demand for the semiconductors that power the data centres and gadgets that make such things possible，clogging factories with （6）

  .
     The crisis has had three consequences，two （7）

  and one less so.The first is an investment boom.Big producers such as Intel，Samsung and tsme are planning to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on extra capacity over the next few years.As in many markers high prizes are the best cure for high prices.
     The second is that the chip industry's customers are adapting，too.When demand （8）

  early in the pandemic，carmakers cut their orders with chip-makers.The car industry's size and power mean that it is used to ordering suppliers around.But when demand recovered，it found itself at the back of the queue，because of long lead times and competition for capacity from the even bigger and more influential tech industry.
     The unpleasant experience of being the supplicant（乞求者）rather than the boss has prompted carmakers to take tighter control over supplies of vital components.Following in the tyre-treads of Tesla，Volkswagen has announced plans to develop driver-assistance chips in-house.Other firms are forming closer relationships with chip-makers.Toyota，a Japanese firm，has （9）

  the shortage relatively well，partly because it was slower to cut orders when the pandemic hit.In June Robert Bosch，a big supplier of automotive parts，cut the （10）

  on a €1 bn （﹩1.2 bn） chip factory of its own in Dresden.Redesigned supply chains will be more resilient（有復(fù)原力的）.
     The third， （11）

  effect has been a surge of techno-nationalism.America is planning to （12）

  billions of dollars to lure chip-makers back from East Asia.Europe wants to double its share of global production，to 20%，by 2030.Even Britain has declared the fate of a small chip factory in Wales to be a matter of national security.
     There is some force in the argument that chips have come to occupy what used to be called the "（13）

  heights" of an economy，in the way that oil refineries or car factories did in the 20th century.The concentration of production in Taiwan， （14）

  ，is an uncomfortable geopolitical risk.But as last century's governments discovered，subsidies lead to overcapacity and oversupply - and，eventually，to yet more calls for public money to prop up uncompetitive businesses.The chip shortage is mostly a （15）

  problem.Government should resist the temptation to see themselves as saviours（救星）.
  
  

  （1）	A．envy	B．a(chǎn)nnoyance	C．misery	D．delight
  （2）	A．for want of	B．for possession of	C．for fear of	D．for convenience of
  （3）	A．schedule	B．a(chǎn)genda	C．calendar	D．catalogue
  （4）	A．cynical	B．cyclical	C．crystal	D．clinical
  （5）	A．a(chǎn)mplified	B．justified	C．modified	D．diversified
  （6）	A．samples	B．goods	C．orders	D．stocks
  （7）	A．encouraging	B．touching	C．a(chǎn)mazing	D．discouraging
  （8）	A．soared	B．ballooned	C．collapsed	D．fluctuated
  （9）	A．suffered	B．a(chǎn)voided	C．subjected	D．weathered
  （10）	A．band	B．ribbon	C．belt	D．string
  （11）	A．popular	B．desirable	C．unusual	D．unwelcome
  （12）	A．turn out	B．bring out	C．give out	D．work out
  （13）	A．commanding	B．overwhelming	C．demanding	D．prevailing
  （14）	A．a(chǎn)bove all	B．in addition	C．a(chǎn)fter all	D．in particular
  （15）	A．self-improving	B．self-solving	C．self-sustaining	D．self-reflecting
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Professor Heinz Wolff，who has died aged 89，was a bioengineering pioneer.He established the discipline，named it and，in a 60-year career，made significant contributions to medical research.But to the British public，he was best known as the "dotty scientist" who fronted The Great Egg Race，a BBC show in which colour-coded teams were set engineering challenges（the first was to transport an egg in a vehicle powered by rubber bands）.With his trademark bow tie，half-moon glasses and Mittel-European accent，he looked really like Professor Branestawn，as described by W.Heath Robinson.Yet while he cheerfully exploited his reputation as a "peculiar egghead"，he was very serious about his work and inspired thousands of young people to consider scientific careers.
     Born in Berlin in 1928，Heinz Wolff was the son of Jewish parents.His mother died in 1938，and the next year the family fled.They arrived in Britain on the day war was declared."We really cut it rather fine，" he said on Desert Island Discs in 1998.After leaving school，he worked as a technician at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford，where he invented a machine to count red blood cells，and then at the National Institute for Medical Research's pneumoconiosis research unit in Cardiff，where he designed a means of measuring dust levels in coal miners.He went on to study at University College London and graduated with a first in physics and physiology.Then，in 1983，he founded the Institute for Bioengineering at Brunel University.His particular interest was in technologies to improve the lives of older people，but he was also heavily involved in space research and worked as an adviser to the European Space Agency.
     Wolff had made his first appearance on TV on Panorama in 1966，encouraging Richard Dimbleby to swallow a "radio pill".On The Great Egg Race，which ran from 1979，his task was to get opponent teams representing organizations such as the chemical company ICI.Challenges included building a hovercraft from a lawnmower，and inventing a bicycle that could ride on water.Marks were awarded for entertainment value and technical accomplishment.The show ended in the mid-1980s，but Wolff continued to judge scientific competitions，on TV and elsewhere.A natural entertainer with an inexhaustible curiosity about the world，he said he'd be happy to dress up as a clown if it got children interested in science.
  
  （1）The word "dotty"（paragraph1）is closest in meaning to

  .
  A．peculiar
  B．serious
  C．famous
  D．genius
  （2）Which of the following statements is TRUE of Heinz Wolff according to the passage？

  
  A．His family left Berlin after World War Ⅱ began.
  B．He used to major in physics and physiology.
  C．He invented a machine while in University College London.
  D．His interest lay in helping those living in war-stricken areas.
  （3）Heinz Wolff didn't mind looking ridiculous as long as

  .
  A．he could keep being curious about the world
  B．he could combine entertainment and technology
  C．he could help arouse children's interest in science
  D．he could appear on TV to judge scientific competitions
  （4）Which of the following is an achievement made by Heinz Wolff？

  
  A．Representing a chemical company.
  B．Designing a method to count red blood cells.
  C．Being the first scientist to front TV shows.
  D．Setting up the subject of bioengineering.
  組卷：5引用：4難度：0.5

  解析

V.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．在教練的幫助下，他刻苦訓(xùn)練，嚴(yán)格自律，最終獲得成功，這使隊(duì)友們對(duì)他刮目相看。（end up）
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

VI.Guided Writing

• 13．Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
  假如你是高三學(xué)生李華，最近得知 2022 年北京冬奧會(huì)籌備組正在奧運(yùn)比賽場(chǎng)館、游客問(wèn)詢(xún)中心、奧運(yùn)村接待處招募志愿者，你非常想成為其中的一員。請(qǐng)結(jié)合自己的情況，給籌備組負(fù)責(zé)人王先生寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信。你的申請(qǐng)信需要包括以下內(nèi)容：1.你想申請(qǐng)的一處志愿服務(wù)點(diǎn)；2.你選擇此處提供志愿服務(wù)的理由。
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析