2022-2023學(xué)年河南省南陽一中高二（上）開學(xué)英語試卷

第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題6分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

• 1．INTRODUCTION
     Chinese Government Scholarship program for international students is established by the Ministry of Education（MOE） of the People's Republic of China aiming to promote Chinese higher education brand on an international basis．China Scholarship Council，entrusted by the MOE，holds the responsibility of verification（證實），approval and the routine management of the program．
     SCHOLARSHIP COVERAGE
     Tuition；campus accommodation fees；medical insurance and a monthly allowance．
     APPLICANTS
     ● Applicants must be non-Chinese citizens and in good health．
     ● Applicants for a master's degree program must have a bachelor's degree and be under 35．
     ● Applicants for a doctoral degree program must have a master's degree and be under 40．
     APPLICATION
     1．Apply online at www．campuschina．org
     2．Mail application documents to East China Normal University（ECNU）
     ● An application form for Chinese Government Scholarship．
     ● The highest diploma and academic transcripts（學(xué)生成績單） （notarized photocopies）．Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized（經(jīng)過公證的） translation in Chinese or English．
     ● A research plan．It is required to be no more than 800 words．
     ● Recommendation letters．Applicants for postgraduate studies must submit two letters of recommendation in Chinese or English by professors or associate professors．
     ● A photocopy of Foreigner Physical Examination Form．Please select the appropriate time to take medical examination as it is valid for only 180 days．
     ● The HSK（Chinese Proficiency Test） certificate．
     ● The processing fee．The bank wire receipt should be enclosed in the application package．
     3．Application date
     Your application documents should reach the International Students Office of ECNU by April 30th．
     APPROVAL AND NOTIFICATION
     The result will be posted online at http：//lxs．ecnu．edu．cn by the end of June．
  
  （1）What do we know about the program？

  
  A．There is no age limit for applicants．
  B．The application is due on June 30th．
  C．It is only for international students．
  D．There are two websites for application．
  （2）What will applicants have to pay according to the text？

  
  A．Tuition．
  B．Processing fees．
  C．All living costs．
  D．Medical examination charge．
  （3）What can we infer from the text？

  
  A．Longer research plans are preferred．
  B．The HSK certificate is valid for only 180 days．
  C．Government officials give recommendation letters．
  D．Education certificates in Chinese or English are accepted．
  組卷：2引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．My family would describe me as anything but a risk-taker. "Grandma drives faster than you!" my younger son likes to joke with me.So when I announced I was going to step outside my comfort zone and sign up for a self-defense course，my children，my husband，and even my mom were a bit doubtful.
     A gym near my house was offering free two-hour classes including boxing，wrestling and judo（摔跤和柔道）.I signed up for it and for the next days I questioned whether yoga would have been a wiser choice.The morning of the class，I pulled up to the gym，grabbed my water bottle along with a bit of courage I brought with me，and walked inside.We learned how to kick and knee someone where it counts and how to strike using the palms of our hands，After the instructor showed various escape techniques，I wondered what I was doing there.Seconds later，I reminded myself that I was on a search to push my boundaries（極限）.By the time class ended，I was full of energy.
     Before I entered the gym，I never imagined I would have the confidence and courage to throw a punch that could discourage someone twice my size.Almost two years later，I still attend cljye.aises.As the oldest female in the class，I push myself to keep up，try harder and，more importantly，not quit.
     Between increasing my strength and feeling confident about protecting myself （although I hope I never have to test my skills outside of the gym），I'm proud of the risk I took in signing up for the course.I know that defending myself s not about strength；it's about strategy（策略）.At the same time，I'm calmer and less anxious—a benefit my family enjoys.As for my driving，after a recent lunch date，my mom suggested I speed up to at least the speed limit.She didn't want to be late for her tennis match.
  
  （1）What did the author's family think of her according to paragraph 1？

  
  A．She is unreliable.
  B．She likes taking risks.
  C．She is a doer rather than a talker.
  D．She used to enjoy her comfortable zone.
  （2）How did the author's feelings change during her first self-defense class？

  
  A．Uncertain →excited →bored.
  B．Curious →excited →confident.
  C．Uneasy →confused →determined.
  D．Excited →confident →discouraged.
  （3）What can we learn about the author according to the last paragraph？

  
  A．She often feels upset and lonely.
  B．She still drives not too fast.
  C．She has ever been attacked outside of the gym.
  D．She regrets taking the self-defense classes.
  （4）What can be the best title for the text？

  
  A．More than Self-defense.
  B．Building a Better Future.
  C．The Fight That Never Ends.
  D．Never To Old to Learn.
  組卷：7引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．Machine learning is a way of teaching computers to do tasks.In the past，to do anything，computers depended on detailed，step-by-step instructions written by a person.But with machine learning，computers pick up new skills on their own，using examples or experience.This makes machine learning a powerful form of artificial intelligence，or AI.AI is the ability of a machine to think or learn like a person.Al systems power many kinds of machines-from smartphones to robots.
     There are a few types of machine learning.The most common is supervised（監(jiān)督的）learnjye.aig.In this method，a computer is fed lots of sorted training data（數(shù)據(jù)）.For example，it may look at many photos of dogs.Each photo might be sorted by the dog's kind.By studying those photos，the computer learns what each kind of dog looks like.Then，the computer can pick out dog kinds in new，unsorted photos.The more data the computer studies，the better it gets at its task.
     Another important kind of machine learning is reinforcement（強化）learning.Using this type of learning is sort of like training your dog to do a trick（把戲）.The computer learns to achieve some goal by interacting with its environment.When the computer makes a choice that brings it closer to its goal，it gets a virtual reward.Through trial and error，the computer learns to make better choices.This type of machine learning has helped computers master difficult games like Go and StarCraft II.It has also been used to teach self-driving cars how to get around.
     Machine learning has helped create technology all around us.It powers language translators and search engines.When your streaming services recommend new shows you might like，that's machine learning at work.Machine learning systems also organize posts in social media feeds.They even help judge diseases，In many ways，the problem-solving power of machine learning is reshaping the world.
  
  （1）What can we know about machine learning from the text？

  
  A．It directs computers to follow programs.
  B．It makes computers run under no control.
  C．It is a form of artificial intelligence.
  D．It is a kind of function of all computers.
  （2）How can computers lean better in supervised learning？

  
  A．By studying as much data as possible.
  B．By following step-by-step instructions.
  C．By telling differences between dog kinds.
  D．By making as many attempts as possible.
  （3）What do computers learn in reinforcement learning？

  
  A．Doing tricks.
  B．Setting goals.
  C．Making choices.
  D．Simplifying steps.
  （4）What is the author's attitude to machine learning？

  
  A．Uncaring.
  B．Doubtful.
  C．Unclear.
  D．Supportive.
  組卷：2引用：2難度：0.6

  解析

• 4．If I scratch your back and you scratch mine，then we're both better off as a result — so goes the principle of reciprocity.As humans，we are familiar with the concept.But do animals also help those who help them？The answer may be yes.A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.
     In their laboratory' Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull on a stick that drew a food item within reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh （鋼絲網(wǎng)）.
     They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side.On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage，while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.
     In the following trials the focal rat （the one in the central cage） had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.
     Now，the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana.On the basis that the banana-providing rat should therefore be remembered as the superior partner，the authors predicted that in the test phase （階段） the focal rat would more readily provide help for banana-offering rats than for carrot-offering rats.This proved to be the case：the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewards - it seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.
     Dolivo and Taborsky's experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat，and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them.It is apparent that we shouldn't undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.
  
  （1）What does the underlined word ''reciprocit'' in Paragraph 1 probably refer to？

  
  A．The act of being kind to other people.
  B．A cooperative exchange of favors.
  C．A positive attitude to everything.
  D．The quality of being generous.
  （2）What would happen if a rat pulled the stick according to the text？

  
  A．It would find some food in its own cage.
  B．Other rats would be able to enter its cage.
  C．Another rat in another cage would get food.
  D．It would be able to enter a neighboring cage.
  （3）Which got more benefit from the focal rat in the experiments？

  
  A．The rats that preferred carrot pieces.
  B．The rats that preferred banana pieces.
  C．The rats that had provided carrot pieces.
  D．The rats that had provided banana pieces.
  （4）Which of the following might Dolivo and Taborsky agree with？

  
  A．Some animals may return others' help.
  B．Norway rats have very poor memories.
  C．It is hard to explain the ability of animals.
  D．Rats behavior is very uncommon.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.6

  解析

第二節(jié) （共1小題；每小題10分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

• 5．As new car prices continue to climb，you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale．Many are readily available online，but car lots and local auto auctions（拍賣）also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles．Here are the tips．
     Search online
     （1）

  Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists．Private sellers may offer considerably lower prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation．You will find dealer lists on these sites as well．
     Visit local auctions
     Though many car auctions take place online，you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction．These auctions，available in many bigger cities，are the same ones where local dealers purchase cars for sale．（2）

  ，so check with your local auto auction center to confirm．
     （3）

  ．
     Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they removed them from active service．Car rental companies frequently sell late model，relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle．For a very cheap used car，consider browsing retired police cars and government surplus vehicles． （4）

  
     Be prepared to negotiate
     （5）

  ，you likely will have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price．When negotiating with a dealer．，according to the financial magazine Forbes，you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month，a day with poor weather，or late at night on the weekend．Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price．
  
  A．Consider retired vehicles
  B．Ask advice from local dealers
  C．These cars will help you save a lot
  D．Unless you buy your used car in an auction
  E．Rules can vary significantly from auction to auction
  F．When you find a chance to ask about the local situation
  G．Many private individuals start with online classified websites
  組卷：3引用：2難度：0.7

  解析

第三部分 英語知識運用第一節(jié) 完形填空（共1小題；每小題20分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

• 6．My parents managed to clear their debts before we moved to America.Neither of them spoke fluent English and neither had a professional career.Growing up，I was always aware of my family's（1）

  financial situation.I also found that I was responsible for my parents' hardships.I decided that my goal in life was to become successful，get a well-paid job and（2）

  them.So naturally，I took my studies seriously and worked hard to become an（3）

  high-achieving student，I dreamt to enroll in a top college to pursue greater knowledge.Like many students，I spent a lot of energy and time（4）

  my college resume （簡歷）.Despite my（5）

  schedule，I managed to complete the lengthy and complex（6）

  .I believed it，from essays to recommendation letters，was flawless—a guaranteed acceptance into this competitive program.But I had one last（7）

  to overcome：to（8）

  mail the applicatijye.ai.On the instruction sheet，it said in capitalized and bold letters， "WE DO NOT ACCEPT CERTIFIED MAIL （掛號郵件）." I should have posted the application myself because it had special directions，but my father kindly insisted that he（9）

  it.I had my（10）

  because my parents didn't speak great English，but I finally（11）

  and wrote the instructions for him.
     While I was in school，my father sent me a text saying that he had finished the task（12）

  .He had found a worker at the post office to help him.I was（13）

  .Yet，later，I found out that he had done one thing very（14）

  ：he sent the application as "certified mail".
     Right then and there，my perfect application became an automatic（15）

  .In the moment of despair and frustration and anger，I（16）

  him.I locked myself in my room and sobbed until my face was covered in tears，my floor in used tissues.Then as I（17）

  my room，my father also came out of his.My mother，who was watching from a（n）（18）

  distance，joined the hug，and we three cried together.I knew my（19）

  need for success came from my selfless desire to make my parents happy，and my temporary hatred （仇恨） toward them was a result of my love for them.My intentions were pure，but things were（20）

  later.I'm just glad finally they were all straightened out.
  
  

  （1）	A．total	B．difficult	C．important	D．complex
  （2）	A．leave	B．value	C．support	D．request
  （3）	A．equally	B．immediately	C．a(chǎn)rtificially	D．a(chǎn)cademically
  （4）	A．building	B．copying	C．a(chǎn)pplying	D．posting
  （5）	A．good	B．tight	C．daily	D．proper
  （6）	A．record	B．worksheet	C．program	D．a(chǎn)pplication
  （7）	A．hope	B．obstacle	C．shortcoming	D．task
  （8）	A．freely	B．easily	C．frequently	D．personally
  （9）	A．take care of	B．take notice of	C．look for	D．stand for
  （10）	A．emotion	B．sign	C．concern	D．favor
  （11）	A．refused	B．canceled	C．regretted	D．a(chǎn)greed
  （12）	A．perfectly	B．dramatically	C．formally	D．partly
  （13）	A．disappointed	B．delighted	C．worried	D．shocked
  （14）	A．satisfyingly	B．fairly	C．wrong	D．confusingly
  （15）	A．rejection	B．fright	C．force	D．reply
  （16）	A．a(chǎn)bandoned	B．a(chǎn)ccepted	C．protected	D．blamed
  （17）	A．cleaned	B．entered	C．exited	D．passed
  （18）	A．ordinary	B．careful	C．individual	D．safe
  （19）	A．selfish	B．correct	C．necessary	D．a(chǎn)wful
  （20）	A．simple	B．wonderful	C．twisted	D．delayed
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)， 滿分 35 分）第一節(jié) 短文改錯（共 10 小題；每小題 1 分， 滿分 10 分）

• 18．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文．文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處．每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改．
  增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞．
  刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉．
  修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞．
  注意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
  2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分．
  After school today，I took a walk in the park，depressing and down．I have made considerable efforts win the talent contest，but I only finished in the fourth position．Just while I was crying，a boy in glasses walked by．He noticed me and came over．He played for me a piece of Beethoven's symphony with his headphones．Beside，he said Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse．Hearing his word，I was no longer in tears．I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved，we could create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us．I was true thankful for their encouragement．
  組卷：4引用：4難度：0.4

  解析

第二節(jié) 書面表達（滿分25分）

• 19．假定你是李華，你的新西蘭好友Henry給你來信，詢問你的暑假是如何度過的。請給他寫封回信，分享你的暑假生活。
  注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
  2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
  Dear Henry，
  ________
  Yours，
  Li Hua
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.3

  解析