2022-2023學(xué)年新疆烏魯木齊六十一中高一（下）開學(xué)英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
閱讀理解（共32分）
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1．When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier（冰川）on the Swiss Alps' Mount Eiger in 2017，part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect.But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche's（崩塌）critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar.Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice：dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice，says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. "This was different，" Johnson says. "A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal，which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure.But a collapse-a sudden，rapid breaking of ice from the glacier's main body-is a prolific infrasound producer.Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches，which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice.A glacier "can become detached from the ground due to melting，causing bigger break-offs，" says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti，lead author of the new study.As the threat grows，scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches，which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths.Infrasound，Marchetti says，is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.It is challenging，however，to separate a signal into its components （such as traffic noises，individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes）without additional measurements，says ETH Zurich，glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. "The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this，" she says.Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed，path and volume from afar using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe，and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce.They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade's physical details.
（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3？
A．Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B．Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C．Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.
D．Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
（2）Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar？
A．The combination with other relevant signals.
B．The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C．The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.
D．The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
（3）The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to.
A．distinguishing different components of a signal
B．detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C．calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D．monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A．From Fire to Ice
B．Glacier Whispers
C．Nature is Warning
D．Secret of Ice Avalanches組卷：19引用：7難度：0.5 -
2．After finishing my teaching for a school year.I thought that I should go back to Montreal，Quebec，my hometown，for a visit.My main goal was to relax in preparation for the challenges of my retirement in the coming year.
Through my stay in Montreal，I met lots of Chinese who were trying hard to succeed and then led a better life in Canada.Some travelled thousands of miles to get knowledge.When I spoke with some of them about the major barrier they had to face after they arrived in Canada，they all talked about the two official languages of Canada.But I was impressed by their ability to express their ideas while they were changing between English and French.
Almost all of those people said they often felt homesick.They missed their families and friends.Though Montreal had lots of Chinese restaurants，they longed for a home-cooked meal.
I met some tourists who were trying to realize their childhood dreams of experiencing the life in a developed country.When I asked them if Montreal had lived up to their expectations，they hesitated.They said that reality never agreed with fantasies.However，they were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didn't regret taking the trip.
Not all the Chinese people I met were happy.I once met a young lady who met with a gentleman through the Internet.However，to her disappointment，he disappeared after he promised to marry her in Montreal.
I was served by another Chinese person who could not deal with the challenges of studying in an English-speaking environment and ended up working in a restaurant with low pay.
Exploring different parts of the world，without any doubt，is a rich experience .However，one should be realistic when it comes to leaving his hometown to start a new life in a foreign country.One should spend time examining the advantages and shortcomings of the adventure before he decides to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.
（1）Why did the author go back to his hometown？
A．To meet his old friends.
B．To study a new language.
C．To go on with his teaching.
D．To prepare for his retirement life.
（2）What is the main barrier for some Chinese longing to get knowledge in Canada？
A．Food.
B．Languages.
C．Homesickness.
D．Income.
（3）The author thinks that.
A．overseas Chinese are good at communication in Canada
B．people often express their regret at the trip to Montreal
C．overseas Chinese feel disappointed at their life in Canada
D．people should think carefully before chasing their dreams abroad
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．Improving Life Skills in Canada.
B．Exploring Different Parts of Canada.
C．Struggling for a Better Life in Canada.
D．Going to Canada- Your Ideal Destination.組卷：0引用：3難度：0.5 -
3．For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he's nervous. "I'm here to tell you today why you should …should…" Chris trips on the "-ld，" a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support. "…Vote for …me …" Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants，Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls（回想起） how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. "It takes a lot for any student，" Whaley explains，"especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，'I don't know，but I want to know.'"
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀） about themselves.
"Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，" Whaley says， "is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident."
（1）What made Chris nervous？
A．Telling a story.
B．Making a speech.
C．Taking a test.
D．Answering a question.
（2）What does the underlined word "stumbles" in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．Improper pauses.
B．Bad manners.
C．Spelling mistakes.
D．Silly jokes.
（3）We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to.
A．help students see their own strengths
B．a(chǎn)ssess students' public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs
D．inspire students' love for politics
（4）Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher？
A．Humorous.
B．Ambitious.
C．Caring.
D．Demanding.組卷：7引用：5難度：0.7
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空（共10分）
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8．The four countries that （1）
to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag，（2）as the Union Jack，as well（3）share the same currency and military（4）.However，they also have some differences.For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own（5），like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!組卷：1引用：3難度：0.9
作文（共28分）
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9．假設(shè)你是高一學(xué)生李華，期末考試日益臨近，但是你發(fā)現(xiàn)在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到了一些困難，請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友Alex寫一封郵件，向他求助。內(nèi)容包括：
1.你的困難（記不住單詞；聽不懂重點(diǎn)；不會(huì)正確使用語法；）。
2.尋求幫助。
注意：詞數(shù)80詞左右，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；開頭結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Alex，
How is everything going with you ？Our final term exam is drawing near._______
Looking forward to your early answer.
Yours，
Li Hua組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5