2022-2023學(xué)年北京市中國(guó)人大附中高一（下）期中英語試卷

第一節(jié) 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A，B，C，D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

• 1．    One of my first international trips as an adult was traveling around the Caribbean.I（1）

  my hotel in Jamaica and asked for a recommendation for a local place to eat.The receptionist told me that under no circumstances should I go into the town because it was unsanitary and posed a significant risk to safety.
  I（2）

  my opinions：Did I really want to spend all my time on the beach without getting to local？I was a very（3）

  traveler and very young，but there was only one answer to my question：Absolutely not.So out I went.
      The poverty hit me in the face.After only seeing fancy resorts，the reality was（4）

  to swallow.A few locals（5）

  me and were super curious as to what I was doing there alone，since most tourists did not go there!I told them I was I was interested in meeting them and experiencing their（6）

  .And just like that，I was（7）

  .After meeting more natives，（8）

  home-made food，and dancing the night away，I realized how they wanted to make me feel welcome and they undeniably did.With having so little，they still shared it with me in a gesture of（9）

  .
      I could not resist thinking about how tourist income（10）

  sharply for big companies every year，while the local people have to be thankful if they manage to get a job that pays minimum wage.From then on，I always looked for locally owned hotels，restaurants，and shops.Sustainable development，with everything it involves，has become a motto for me and changed the very way I travel.
  
  

  （1）	A．checked on	B．checked into	C．checked out	D．checked off
  （2）	A．considered	B．interpreted	C．perceived	D．marked
  （3）	A．unqualified	B．impatient	C．inexperienced	D．disrespectful
  （4）	A．difficult	B．mysterious	C．frightening	D．confusing
  （5）	A．recognized	B．a(chǎn)pproached	C．identified	D．forgave
  （6）	A．pain	B．careers	C．culture	D．hobbies
  （7）	A．visited	B．respected	C．praised	D．embraced
  （8）	A．wasting	B．tasting	C．stuffing	D．packing
  （9）	A．generosity	B．integrity	C．loyalty	D．creativity
  （10）	A．a(chǎn)djusts	B．limits	C．varies	D．rises
  組卷：17引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié) 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

• 2．    Recently，researchers announced that they had found tiny pieces of plastic in water samples from around the world.These pieces of plastic have been found in drinking water across the world， （1）

  means that we are drinking plastic every day.It is not yet clear what level of harm this （2）

  （cause） us in the future.Some scientists are now appealing to the governments and corporations to consider spending money（3）

  the equipment and other resources that help deal with the problem.
      At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December，2015，an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage.The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist （4）

  （award） a Noble Prize for her work.Since the discovery of artemisinin，millions of （5）

  （life） have been saved.When thanking the Committee for the honor Tu Youyou said， "This is not only an honor for myself，but also recognition and（6）

  （encourage） for all scientists in China."In 2019，she（7）

  （select）by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century.
      The Starry Night is among Vincent van Gogh's most famous works.It was painted in June 1889 （8）

  he was staying at a home for the mentally ill. （9）

  makes this painting special is that Vincent did not just painted the massive circles of white and yellow （10）

  （race） across the sky.The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky.Beneath this amazing sky，we see sleeping village and a dark，lonely tree.
  組卷：16引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 3．    When I was growing up，my family kept chickens.We always had about a dozen of them at any given time and whenever one died—taken away by hawks or foxes or by some obscure chicken illness—my father would replace the lost chicken.
      He'd drive to a nearby poultry farm and return with a new chicken in a bag.The thing is，you must be very careful when introducing a new chicken to the general flock.You can't just throw it in there with the old chickens，or they will see it as an invader.What you must do instead is to slip the new bird into the chicken house in the middle of the night while the others are asleep.Place her beside the flock and walked away quietly.In the morning，when the chickens wake up，they don't notice the newcomer，thinking only， "She must have been here all the time since I didn't see her arrive."The clincher of it is，awaking within this flock，the newcomer herself doesn't even remember that she's a newcomer，thinking only， "I must have been here the whole time..."
      My arrival in India does likewise.
      My plane landed in Mumbai around 1：30 AM.It was December 30.I found my luggage，and then found the taxi that would take me hours hours out of the city to the Ashram，located in a remote rural village.I fell asleep on the drive through nighttime India，sometimes waking up to look out the window，where I could see thin women in saris walking alongside the road with bundles of firewood on their heads.Buses with no headlights passed us，and we passed cattle carts.The banyan trees spread their elegant roots throughout the ditches.
  
  （1）The author writes Paragraph 1 to

  .
  A．make a summary of his childhood
  B．tell readers about his family members
  C．a(chǎn)rouse readers' interest in the passage
  D．To introduce the following paragraphs
  （2）What does the underlined word "flock" in Paragraph 2 mean？

  
  A．house
  B．group
  C．farm
  D．chicken
  （3）What is the author most probably going to talk about next？

  
  A．His working plans in the new place
  B．The uniqueness of the village culture.
  C．How he quickly adjusted to local life.
  D．Why he traveled to Ashram in India.
  組卷：5引用：2難度：0.3

  解析

第四部分：閱讀理解。（每小題10分，共20分）

• 10．    Humans are uniquely smart among all the other species on the planet.We are capable of outstanding feats of technology and engineering.Then why are we so prone to making mistakes？And why do we tend to make the same ones time and time again？When Primate Psychologist Laurie Santos from the Comparative Cognition Lab at Yale University posed this question to her team，they were thinking in particular of the errors judgement which led to the recent collapse of the financial markets.Santos came to two possible answers to this question.Either humans have designed environments which are too complex for us to fully understand，or we are biologically prone to making bad decisions.
      In order to test these theories，the team selected a group of Brown Capuchin monkeys.Monkeys were selected for the test because，as distant relatives of humans，they are intelligent and have the capacity to learn.However，they are not influenced by any of the technological or cultural environments which affect human decision-making.The team wanted to test whether the capuchin monkeys，when put into similar situations as humans，would make the same mistakes.
      [A] Of particular interest to the scientists was whether monkeys would make the same mistakes when making financial decisions. [B] In order to find out，they had to introduce the monkeys to money. [C] The monkeys soon cottoned on，and as well as learning simple exchange techniques，were soon able to distinguish "bargains" — If one team-member offered two grapes in exchange for a metal disc and another team-member offered one grape，the monkeys chose the two-grape option. [D] Interestingly，when the data about the monkey's purchasing strategies was compared with economist's data on human behavior，there was a perfect match.
      So，after establishing that the monkey market was operating effectively，the team decided to introduce some problems which humans generally get wrong.One of these issues is risk-taking.Imagine that someone gave you ﹩1000.In addition to this ﹩1000，you can receive either A） an additional ﹩500 or B） someone tosses a coin and if it lands "heads"，you receive an additional ﹩1000，but if it lands "tails"，you receive no more money.Of these options，most people tend to choose option A.They prefer guaranteed earnings，rather than running the risk of receiving nothing.Now imagine a second situation in which you are given ﹩2000.Now，you can choose to either A） lose ﹩500，leaving you with a total of ﹩1500，or B） toss a coin；if it lands "heads" you lose nothing，but if it lands "tails" you lose ﹩1000，leaving you with only ﹩1000.Interestingly，when we stand to lose money，we tend to choose the more risky choice，option B.And as we know from the experience of financial investors and gamblers，it is unwise to take risks when we are on a losing streak.
      So would the monkeys make the same basic error of judgement？The team put them to the test by giving them similar options.In the first test，monkeys had the option of exchanging their disc for one grape and receiving one bonus grape，or exchanging the disc for one grape and sometimes receiving two bonus grapes and sometimes receiving no bonus.It turned out that monkeys，like humans，chose the less risky option in times of plenty.Then the experiment was reversed.Monkeys were offered three grapes，but in option A were only actually given two grapes.In option B，they had a fifty-fifty chance of receiving all three grapes or one grape only.The results were that monkeys，like humans，take more risks in times of loss.
      The implications of this experiment are that because monkeys make the same irrational judgements that humans do，maybe human error is not a result of the complexity of our financial institutions，but is imbedded in our evolutionary history.If this is the case，our errors of judgement will be very difficult to overcome. On a more optimistic note however humans are fully capable of overcoming limitations once we have identified them.By recognizing them，we can design technologies which will help us to make better choices in future.
  
  （1）What was the aim of the experiment outlined above？

  
  A．To investigate where human mistakes come from.
  B．To study whether monkeys could learn to use money
  C．To find out whether it is better to take risks in times of loss.
  D．To determine whether monkeys make more mistakes than humans
  （2）Where in Paragraph 3 could the sentence below be best placed？

  
  The team distributed metal discs to the monkeys，and taught them that the discs could be exchanged with team-members for food.
  A．[A]
  B．[B]
  C．[C]
  D．[D]
  （3）The underlined words "cottoned on" are closest in meaning to

  .
  A．learnt
  B．knew
  C．completed
  D．concluded
  （4）Which of the following statements is the best paraphrase of the underlined sentence？

  
  On a more optimistic note however，humans are fully capable of overcoming limitations once we have identified them.
  A．Hopefully，humans will soon be able to solve these problems.
  B．Fortunately，humans can solve problems that we know about.
  C．Luckily，humans do not have many limitations which have been identified.
  D．We are happy to note that we can solve the problem which we've identified.
  （5）What can we learn from the passage？

  
  A．Monkeys were chosen for the test as they adapted to new surroundings quickly
  B．The purchasing strategies of humans and those of the monkeys vary greatly.
  C．The complexity of financial institutions causes humans to make mistakes.
  D．Humans opt for the less risky alternative when resources are abundant.
  組卷：4引用：2難度：0.3

  解析

• 11．    The personal grievance provisions （個(gè)人申訴條款） of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 （ERA） prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause.Instead，dismissals must be justified.Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.
      Personal grievance procedures were designed to protect the jobs of ordinary workers from "unjustified dismissals".The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient protection for workers against arbitrary （隨意的） conduct by management.Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.
      But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly-paid managers and executives.As countless boards and business owners will confirm，constraining （限制） firms from firing poorly performing，high-earning managers puts a brake on productivity and overall performance.The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure，between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them.Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.
      Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary worker may be placing those jobs at risk.
      If not placing jobs at risk，to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers，those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages.Indeed，in a 2014 article，the Productivity Commission single out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.
      Nor are highly-paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures.Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee，employers are more cautious about hiring new staff.This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
      Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified "high-income threshold" from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws.In New Zealand，a 2016 Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime.However，the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.
  
  （1）The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to

  .
  A．free employers from certain duties
  B．improve traditional hiring procedures
  C．protect the rights of ordinary workers
  D．punish questionable corporate practices
  （2）It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may

  .
  A．slow down business development
  B．weaken managers' authority
  C．a(chǎn)ffect the firms' public image
  D．worsen labor-management relations
  （3）Which of the following measures would the Productivity Commission support？

  
  A．Imposing reasonable wage restraints.
  B．Enforcing employment protection laws.
  C．Limiting the powers of business owners.
  D．Dismissing poorly performing managers
  （4）What might be an effect of ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures？

  
  A．Highly paid managers lose their jobs.
  B．Employees suffer from salary cuts
  C．Society sees a rise in overall well-being
  D．Employers need to hire new staff.
  （5）It can be inferred that the "high-income threshold" in Australia

  .
  A．has secured managers' earnings
  B．has produced undesired results
  C．is beneficial to business owners
  D．is difficult to put into practice
  組卷：7引用：2難度：0.3

  解析